AGING OF VISUAL-COGNITIVE MECHANISMS ON A NEURAL NETWORK

该项目的总体目标是指定下列机制 负责与年龄相关的视觉认知表现的变化。 几种类型的视觉认知行为的年龄相关性变化 用经验派生的神经来描述和解释 老龄化的网络模型。具体地说，促成 一般的和任务特定的个体间和个体内的变异性 在健康的年轻人、中年人和老年人中将被识别并 模特儿。所提出的神经网络模型具有独特的性质 它们的组成互连可以被调整，以便 代表编码中与时间相关和与实践相关的变化 随后对视觉信息进行转换。在这三年中 在这个项目中，大约有400名年龄在19岁到19岁之间的男女 80年将在1)知觉闭合或数字的衡量标准上进行测试 完成性，以及2)对表观运动的感知。对于每个 视觉认知任务，几种神经学上看似合理的网络模型 将在以下方面进行开发、测试和对比 中模拟一般差异和任务特定差异的能力 中青年反应时间和误差的分布 成年人和老年人。这一系列调查的结果将 对机制的理解有明显的影响 负责在中期和中期有效的认知功能 晚年的生活。

The overall aim of this project is to specify the mechanisms that are responsible for age-related changes in visual-cognitive performance. Age-related change in several types of visualcognitive performance will be described and explicated in terms of empirically-derived neural network models of aging. Specifically, the factors that contribute to general and task-specific interindividual and intraindividual variability in healthy young, middle-aged, and older adults will be identified and modeled. The proposed neural network models have the unique property that their constituent interconnections can be adjusted so as to represent time-related and practice-related change in the encoding and subsequent transformation of visual information. During the three years of this project, about 400 men and women between the ages of 19 years and 80 years will be tested on measures of 1) perceptual closure or figure completion, and 2) the perception of apparent motion. For each visual-cognitive task, several neurologically plausible network models will be developed, tested, and contrasted with each other in terms of their ability to simulate general and task-specific differences in the distributions of response times and errors for young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. The outcome of this line of investigation will have clear implications for the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for effective cognitive functioning during the middle and later years of life.