INTRACAVITRY HYPERTHERMIA & RADIATN OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

热疗用于癌症治疗的研究主要是为了 已经发现它是有效的，特别是在 与放疗或化疗联合。 加热深部肿瘤 与外部微波或无线电频率场在技术上是非常 这是困难的，因为这些领域具有有限的渗透深度。 胸部 在这一领域，外部超声技术由于 骨和空气界面处的反射。 中空的某些肿瘤部位 内脏和腔可以用腔内技术治疗。 那里 估计将有10,900例新病例和9,800例死亡， 1991年，美国癌症。 尽管协议有所改进， 目前涉及手术、放疗和化疗的疗法 在过去的几十年里，它大大提高了生存率。 最近来自中国和日本的临床报告显示肿瘤有很大改善 联合热疗治疗患者的反应率和生存率 和外部辐射。 在这些研究中，射频和微波加热 技术被使用。 我们的目标是改善治疗效果， 将腔内辐射和热疗与外部辐射相结合。 腔内放射具有局部放射的优点，但也 会因为高辐射剂量而导致溃疡 热疗可以 增强辐射效应，从而减少所需剂量。 因此，假设联合腔内辐射和 热疗可改善治疗效果。 在这项研究中，我们建议进行I/II期试验，以调查 腔内热疗和放射治疗有效性和安全性。 我们有 开发了一种小而灵活的原型食管多腔聚氨酯 管，可容纳六个通道的温度传感器或 辐射种子在外围，微波天线在中心， 管子。 我们正在开发和建造各种偶极子天线， 不同长度的热食管肿瘤 根据加热模式 我们将选择合适的天线，并研究 在一小时的治疗期内动物模型中的温度变化。 该信息对于治疗控制是必不可少的，因为肿瘤和正常 组织温度很难在没有相当大的风险的情况下测量， 病人 结果应该能让我们估计组织和肿瘤 通过在多腔管中测量的温度来测量温度。 的 生物传热方程将用于计算温度分布 用于各种正常和肿瘤血流条件。 理论 将预测结果与静态体模结果（无血流）进行比较 在食道内的结果，目的是加热食道， 粘膜至43 ° C以上。 动物研究将揭示 组织温度与多腔管中测量的温度。 这些 理论和动物结果对于人类I/II期研究是必要的 审判

Hyperthermia for cancer treatment has been investigated mostly for superficial tumors and has been found to be efficacious, especially in combination with radiation or chemotherapy. Heating deep-seated tumors with external microwave or radio frequency fields is technically very difficult because the fields have limited penetration depths. In the chest area, external ultrasound techniques have little application due to the reflections at bone and air interfaces. Certain tumor sites in hollow viscera and cavities can be treated with intracavity techniques. There will be an estimated 10,900 new cases and 9,800 deaths from esophageal cancer in the U.S.A. during 1991. Despite improvements in protocols, current therapies involving surgery, radiation and chemotherapy have not significantly improved the survival rate in the last several decades. Recent clinical reports from China and Japan show much improved tumor response and survival rate in patients treated with combined hyperthermia and external radiation. In these studies, RF and microwave heating techniques were used. Our goal is to improve the treatment results by combining intracavitary radiation and hyperthermia with external radiation. Intracavitary radiation has the advantage of localizing radiation but also causes ulceration due to high radiation dosage. Hyperthermia can potentiate the radiation effects and therefore reduces the required dose. Thus, the hypothesis is that combined intracavitary radiation and hyperthermia improve the treatment outcome. In this study, we propose to conduct Phase I/II trials to investigate the efficacy and safety of intracavitary hyperthermia and radiation. We have developed a small and flexible prototype esophageal multilumen polyurethane tube, which can accommodate six channels of temperature sensors or radiation seeds at the periphery, and a microwave antenna in the center of the tube. We are developing and constructing various dipole antennas to heat esophageal tumors at various lengths. Based on the heating patterns obtained by thermography, we will select appropriate antennas and study the temperature variations in animal models over a one hour treatment period. This information is essential for treatment control since tumor and normal tissue temperatures are difficult to measure without considerable risk to the patient. The results should enable us to estimate the tissue and tumor temperature by the temperatures measured in the multilumen tube. The bioheat transfer equation will be used to calculate temperature profiles for various normal and tumor blood flow conditions. Theoretical predictions will be compared with static phantom results (no blood flow) and with results inside the esophagus, the aim is to heat the esophageal mucosa to above 43o C. The animal studies will reveal the correlation of tissue temperature with that measured in the multilumen tube. These theoretical and animal results are necessary for the human Phase I/II trials.