DRUG USE AND LIFESTYLES OF AMERICAN YOUTH

这项提案寻求将监测未来的计划延续五年，并 正在进行的流行病学研究和报告项目。从1975年开始， 该项目是一项基础研究，也是 关于毒品使用趋势的可靠信息的主要来源。它 基于两个相互关联的系列调查，使用全国 代表性样本：(A)对高中高年级学生的年度调查 (135所高中每年约17,000所)，以及(B)年度后续行动 小组调查(每个毕业班约1,200人)， 其次是邮寄，持续时间为高中毕业后的17年。 建议继续对美国高中进行这些调查 学生和35岁以下的年轻成人毕业生，包括大学 学生们。1991年，全国8年级和10年级学生的样本为 添加到年度调查中；本系列的续篇还 建议。此外，现在提议两年一次的后续行动 小组从每个8年级和10年级的班级中抽取，并进行过抽样 对容易辍学的学生进行评估，以便准确评估：(A) 辍学学生的药物使用水平和趋势，(B)药物的影响 (C)药物病因的变化 在青春期早期和中期使用。 这项研究的队列序贯设计允许区分三个 随时间变化的类型-长期的、成熟的和队列-每一种 往往有非常不同类型的决定因素，所有这些 已经发现至少在一些药物中发生了这种情况。除了……之外 监测药物使用，以及许多可能有助于解释长期药物使用的因素 在使用趋势方面，该项目的目标是记录自然 在生命周期的这些部分中使用药物的历史，决定 社会角色和社会环境的转变对 这段历史，并确定这些角色和 环境尤其重要。该项目还寻求 确定许多其他假设的心理学的重要性， 吸毒的行为、社会决定因素(包括态度和 对毒品的信仰，以及各种生活方式取向)以及 吸毒的潜在后果范围(包括身体健康、 心理幸福感、地位获得和角色表现)。这个 这些多个目标和多个人口被包含在 一项单一的综合研究既具有协同作用，又具有成本效益。 研究的多份问卷中包含的测量内容 形式包括(A)非常广泛的合法和非法药物；(B) 感知的可用性、感知的同伴规范以及态度和信念 关于其中许多药物；(C)这些药物的若干特点 个人(行为、态度、信仰、健康症状、成就、 生活方式变量)；和(D)关键社会环境的方面(学校、 工作、大学、家庭)以及角色地位和经历(婚姻、 怀孕、为人父母、离婚、教育、就业和军事 服务)。 这项研究将继续出版各种出版物， 包括NIDA出版的年度专著、描述性年度卷 结果，特别报告和专著章节，以及期刊文章。

This proposal seeks a five-year continuation of Monitoring the Future, an ongoing epidemiological research and reporting project. Begun in 1975, the project functions as a basic research study, as well as one of the nation's major sources of reliable information on trends in drug use. It has been based on two interconnected series of surveys using nationally representative samples: (a) an annual survey of seniors in high schools (about 17,000 per year in 135 high schools), and (b) annual follow-up surveys of panels (of about 1,200 people from each graduating class), followed by mail for a period that will reach 17 years past high school. It is proposed to continue these surveys of American high school students, and young adult graduates through age 35, including college students. In 1991, national samples of 8th and 10th grade students were added to the annual surveys; a continuation of this series is also proposed. In addition, it is now proposed that biennial follow-ups of panels be drawn from each 8th and 10th grade class, with an oversampling of the dropout-prone, in order to provide accurate assessments of: (a) levels and trends in drug use among dropouts, (b) the influence of drug use on dropping out and vice versa, and (c) the changing etiology of drug use in early to middle adolescence. The study's cohort-sequential design permits the differentiation of three types of change over time-secular, maturational, and cohort-each of which tends to have quite different types of determinants, and all of which have already been found to occur for at least some drugs. In addition to monitoring drug use, and many factors which may help to explain secular trends in use, the project has the objectives of documenting the natural history of drug use through these portions of the life cycle, determining what transitions in social roles and social environments contribute to that history, and determining what features of those roles and environments are of particular importance. The project also seeks to ascertain the importance of many other hypothesized psychological, behavioral, and social determinants of drug use (including attitudes and beliefs about drugs, and various lifestyle orientations) as well as a range of potential consequences of drug use (including physical health, psychological well-being, status attainment, and role performance). The fact that these multiple aims and multiple populations are encompassed in a single, integrated study is both synergistic and cost effective. The measurement content contained in the study's multiple questionnaire forms includes (a) a very broad range of licit and illicit drugs; (b) perceived availability, perceived peer norms, and attitudes and beliefs regarding many of these drugs; (c) a number of characteristics of the person (behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, health symptoms, achievements, lifestyle variables); and (d) aspects of key social environments (school, job, college, home) and of role statuses and experiences (marriage, pregnancy, parenthood, divorce, education, employment, and military service). The study will continue to produce a wide range of publications, including NIDA-published annual monographs, annual volumes of descriptive results, special reports and monograph chapters, and journal articles.