ANALYSIS OF CIGARETTE AND COFFEE USE INTERACTION

复杂心理任务的表现，多任务表现 电池（MTPB）已被证明可以可靠地抑制吸烟。 性能 同样的任务也被证明可以产生持续的，非习惯性的 血压升高。 初步观察表明，这些 任务诱发的血压反应是由 在任务执行之前给予咖啡因和/或尼古丁。 这些观察结果表明，尼古丁和咖啡因可能具有强大的 对任务诱发的心血管反应性的影响， 当仅仅观察药物引起的心血管水平的变化时。 的 发现l）复杂任务绩效与抑制相关 吸烟以及血压升高，而2）更多的性能 放松或非结构化的任务与吸烟增加有关， 血压的增加可以忽略不计，这表明 心血管反应可能与活动诱导或 活动抑制吸烟。 在这项提议的第一个实验中，研究了几种剂量的 尼古丁和咖啡因对多种MTPB引起的心血管 将研究应对措施。 在第二个实验中， 存在或不存在尼古丁的子任务类型和激励， 咖啡因将被调查。 前两项研究的目的是 尽可能充分地描述下列物质的剂量和任务依赖效应： 尼古丁和咖啡因对心血管反应性的调节。 在第三 研究中，前两个实验的结果将为 分析参与受试者的相关活动序列 长期居住实验。 序列将包括活动 这与不同程度的引发变化有关， 有或没有咖啡因和尼古丁的心血管状态 局 第三个实验的目的是研究 与不同程度的 心血管反应性和随意吸烟和咖啡使用。 的 这三个实验的结果直接关系到 “唤醒”为基础的理论，物质使用，此外，提供基本的 尼古丁和咖啡因对心血管系统的影响 反应性，一个很大程度上未探索的领域。

Performance of a complex psychomotor task, the Multiple Task Performance Battery (MTPB), has been shown to reliably suppress smoking. Performance of the same task has also been shown to produce sustained, non-habituating increases in blood pressure. Pilot observations suggest that these task-elicited blood pressure responses are potentiated by the administration of caffeine and/or nicotine prior to task performance. These observations suggest that nicotine and caffeine may have potent effects on task-elicited cardiovascular reactivity which are not discerned when simply looking at drug-elicited changes in cardiovascular levels. The findings that l) complex task performance is associated with suppressed smoking as well as elevated blood pressures, while 2) performance of more relaxing or unstructured tasks is associated with increased smoking and with negligible increases in blood pressure, suggest that elicited cardiovascular responding may be associated with activity-induced or activity-suppressed smoking. In the first experiment of this proposal, the effects of several doses of nicotine and caffeine on a variety of MTPB-elicited cardiovascular responses will be studied. In the second experiment, the interaction of subtask type and incentive with the presence or absence of nicotine and caffeine will be investigated. The purpose of the first two studies is to characterize as fully as possible the dose and task-dependent effects of nicotine and caffeine modulation on cardiovascular reactivity. In a third study, findings from the first two experiments will provide the basis for analysis of relevant activity sequences for subjects participating in long-term residential experiments. The sequences will include activities which are associated with differing degrees of elicited change in cardiovascular state both with and without caffeine and nicotine administration. The purpose of this third experiment is to investigate the relationship between activities associated with differing degrees of cardiovascular reactivity and ad libitum smoking and coffee use. The findings of the three proposed experiments are directly relevant to "arousal"-based theories of substance use and, in addition, provide basic information on the effects of nicotine and caffeine on cardiovascular reactivity, a largely unexplored area.