LICIT AND ILLICIT ABUSED DRUGS/BEHAVIORAL INTERACTION

该项目将分析行为和药物决定因素 人类合法吸毒行为的两种流行形式：吸烟 和咖啡/咖啡因自我管理。一串五支香烟 吸烟研究将在受试者参与的一项 以门诊为基础。在实验室内，志愿者受试者将是 允许在半自然主义的条件下吸烟 允许准确测量吸烟的香烟数量、持续时间 单个烟泡的数量和分布，数量和持续时间 吸入和呼气，以及呼出空气中的一氧化碳水平。二 实验将扩展之前对常用药物的影响的研究 精神活性药物对吸烟的影响 氯丙嗪对正常和吸毒者吸烟的影响。二 其他实验将提供有关药物特异性的信息。 控制吸烟的机制--通过表征 会前给予尼古丁(通过含尼古丁口香糖)和 吸入一氧化碳对吸烟的影响。抽最后一支烟 实验将包括对变量的直接实验分析 控制吸烟的一些最重要的地形方面： 吸气量、吸气量、吸入时间和一氧化碳 曝光。在吸烟研究的同时，一系列六项 咖啡/咖啡因研究将与有以下病史的受试者进行 大量喝咖啡的人将住在住院研究病房。二 实验将提供有关咖啡因强化的信息，使用 评估咖啡因和咖啡因之间偏好的选择程序 无咖啡因咖啡和通过表征自我管理在 没有喝咖啡。三个实验将调查耐受性和 研究慢性咖啡因对咖啡因的交叉耐受性 消费对人的主观、行为和生理影响 大剂量的咖啡因，d-苯丙胺和安定。决赛 这项研究将调查可能的主观、行为和生理 通过评估咖啡因以外的咖啡成分的影响 不含咖啡因和不含咖啡因的咖啡在盲人情况下饮用(在 胶囊)和(饮料中的)非盲目条件。除了提供 关于两种合法吸毒形式决定因素的新信息 产生重大健康风险的行为，这些研究将提供 对上瘾过程的本质有了更好的理解。

This project will analyze behavioral and pharmacological determinants of two prevalent forms of licit human drug taking behavior: cigarette smoking and coffee/caffeine self-administration. A series of five cigarette smoking studies will be conducted with subjects participating on an outpatient basis. Within a laboratory setting volunteer subjects will be permitted to smoke cigarettes under semi-naturalistic conditions which permit accurate measurement of number of cigarettes smoked, the duration and distribution of individual cigarette puffs, the volume and duration of inhalation and exhalation, and carbon monoxide levels in expired air. Two experiments will extend previous research of the effects of commonly taken psychoactive drugs on smoking by characterizing the effects of diazepam and chlorpromazine on smoking in both normal and drug abuser subjects. Two other experiments will provide information about pharmacologically-specific mechanisms in the control of smoking by characterizing the effects of pre-session administration of nicotine (via nicotine-containing gum) and inhaled carbon monoxide on cigarette smoking. A final cigarette smoking experiment will involve a direct experimental analysis of variables controlling some of the most important topographical aspects of smoking: puff volume, inhalation volume, inhalation duration, and carbon monoxide exposure. Concurrent with the smoking studies, a series of six coffee/caffeine studies will be conducted with subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking who will reside in an inpatient research ward. Two experiments will provide information about caffeine reinforcement by using choice procedures to assess preference between caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and by characterizing self-administration in the absence of coffee. Three experiments will investigate tolerance and cross-tolerance to caffeine by studying the effects of chronic caffeine consumption on the subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of a wide range of doses of caffeine, d-amphetamine, and diazepam. A final study will investigate possible subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of coffee constituents other than caffeine by evaluating caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee when administered under blind (in capsules) and nonblind (in beverage) conditions. In addition to providing new information about determinants of two licit forms of drug taking behavior which produce significant health risk, these studies will provide an improved understanding of the nature of the addictive process.