LICIT & ILLICIT ABUSED STIMULANT DRUGS

一系列的研究被提出在有药物滥用史的受试者和正常的人类志愿者中调查咖啡因与滥用的经典兴奋剂药物共享的几种效果。一系列的11项研究将集中在比较临床药理学的咖啡因，尼古丁和可卡因静脉注射给兴奋剂药物滥用者的住宅研究实验室。一组四项研究将评估咖啡因、尼古丁和可卡因的静脉注射强化效果。第二组酸研究将检查急性和慢性服用咖啡因，尼古丁和可卡因之间的相互作用。最后，一组三项研究将检查选择性多巴胺能阻滞剂对静脉注射咖啡因，尼古丁和可卡因的影响。与住宅研究同时，在正常志愿者中进行的一系列非住宅研究将调查咖啡因的身体依赖和强化。其中一项研究将探讨使用脑血流速度和定量脑电图作为咖啡因戒断的敏感生理指标。两项研究将通过评估腺苷介导的激发药物对咖啡因戒断的影响以及比较咖啡因、茶碱和哌甲酯对咖啡因戒断的影响来探索咖啡因戒断的药理学机制。另一项研究将调查分级剂量减少作为降低咖啡因戒断严重程度的程序。最后，两项研究将使用选择程序来比较口服咖啡因和d-安非他明的强化效果，探讨咖啡因和d-安非他明选择的个体差异的相关性，并调查获得咖啡因歧视是否会增强随后对咖啡因的选择。鉴于咖啡因的广泛使用，咖啡因的使用会引发身体依赖，并加强对普通人群的身体依赖，并制定咖啡因使用减少或停止计划，以及最大限度地减少咖啡因相关健康风险的计划。这项关于咖啡因和其他经典精神兴奋剂的研究也应该促进我们对兴奋剂药物滥用的药理学和行为机制的理解，并提供有关常用和滥用兴奋剂之间相互作用的新信息。

A series of studies is proposed in subjects with histories of drug abuse and in normal human volunteers to investigate several effects that caffeine shares with classic stimulant drugs of abuse. A series of eleven studies will focus on the comparative clinical pharmacology of caffeine, nicotine and cocaine administered intravenously to stimulant drug abusers on a residential research laboratory. A set of four studies will evaluate the comparative intravenous reinforcing effects of caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. A second set of sour studies will examine interactions between acutely and chronically administered caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. Finally, a set of three studies will examine the effects of a selective dopaminergic blocker on the effects of intravenous caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. Concurrent with the residential studies, a series of non-residential studies in normal volunteers will investigate caffeine physical dependence and reinforcement. One study will explore the use of cerebral blood flow velocity and quantitative EEG as sensitive physiological measures of caffeine withdrawal. Two studies will explore pharmacological mechanisms in caffeine withdrawal by evaluating the effects of an adenosine-mediate challenge drug on caffeine withdrawal and by comparing the effects of caffeine, theophylline and methylphenidate on caffeine withdrawal. Another study will investigate graded dose reduction as a procedure for reducing severity of caffeine withdrawal. Finally, two studies will use choice procedures to compare the reinforcing effects of oral caffeine and d-amphetamine, explore correlates of individual differences in caffeine and d-amphetamine choice, and investigate whether acquisition of a caffeine discrimination enhances subsequent choice of caffeine. Given the widespread elicit use of physical dependence and reinforcement of the general population and in developing caffeine-use reduction or cessation programs as well as programs for minimizing caffeine-associated health risks. This research with caffeine and other classic psychomotor stimulants should also advance our understanding of pharmacological and behavioral mechanisms underlying stimulant drug abuse as well as provide novel information about interactions among commonly used and abused stimulants.