DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF BINOCULAR VISION

保守估计表明，弱视和相关缺陷， 双眼功能影响大约5%的美国人口。 最近对猫和猴早期视觉发育的研究表明， 这些缺陷是由异常的视觉体验引起的，例如单眼 剥夺或眼睛错位，在视觉的关键时期， 发展 直到最近，缺乏适当的视觉评估程序， 用于婴儿和言语前儿童排除了前瞻性研究 视觉发展的关键时期在人。然而，最近， 发展了偏好性的，操作性的，和电生理学的 技术使研究敏锐度的正常发展成为可能， 双眼视觉和两眼间敏锐度差异之间的相互作用 和双眼发育。 未来的发展研究将 进行评估的关系，眼间视力 差异、半视野敏锐度差异和双眼功能 来阐明视觉发育的正常过程 这些技术将 也适用于先天性双目失明的婴幼儿 不平衡，包括斜视、屈光参差和单侧白内障， 前瞻性评估早期异常视觉体验对 发展中的人类视觉系统和治疗方案的结果 在不同的年龄段发育。 视觉比较 诱发电位和优先寻找程序的评估 双眼功能将提供标准， 可以选择在婴儿期监测双眼状态的程序。 长期随访，直到第五年，将评估相对 各种治疗模式的好处，并允许与结果进行比较 从标准的临床测试中。 这些数据应该有助于澄清必要的 和发展正常的双眼视觉的充分条件， 伙计

Conservative estimates suggest that amblyopia and associated deficits in binocular function effect approximately 5% of the American population. Recent studies of early visual development in cat and monkey suggest that these deficits result from abnormal visual experience, such as monocular deprivation or misalignment of the eyes, during critical periods for visual development. Until recently, lack of adequate visual assessment procedures for use with infants and pre-verbal children precluded prospective studies of visual development during critical periods in man. However, newly developed preferential-looking, operant, and electrophysiological techniques make possible research into the normal development of acuity and binocular vision and interactions between interocular acuity differences and binocular development. Prospective developmental studies will be conducted to evaluate the relationship among interocular acuity differences, hemi-field acuity differences, and binocular function in order to clarify the normal course fo visual development. These techniques will also be applied to infants and children with congenital binocular imbalance, including strabismus, anisometropia, and unilateral cataract, to evaluate prospectively the effects of early anomalous visual experience on the developing human visual system and the outcome of treatment regimens imposed at different ages during development. Comparison of visually evoked potential and preferential-looking procedures for the assessment of binocular function will provide criteria by which sensitive and appropriate procedures for monitoring binocular status during infancy may be chosen. Long-term follow-up, through the fifth year, will assess the relative benefits of various treatment modes and allow comparisons with the results from standard clinical tests. These data should help clarify the necessary and sufficient conditions for the development of normal binocular vision in man.