FAMILY SIZE, BIRTH ORDER, AND INTELLIGENCE

本研究的目的是探讨两个相关的问题： (1)智力测量与家庭规模之间的关系;（2）智力测量与家庭规模之间的关系。 测量智力和出生顺序之间的关系。 分析将 基于威斯康星州纵向研究的数据。 对智力与家庭规模关系的分析， 重点是从两个方面估计平均智商的代际变化，第一， 父母和受访者世代之间使用的数据对同胞的大小，和 第二，使用来自以下数据的回答者和后代之间的差异： 威斯康星州样本中男性和女性的生育史。 我们 分析将强调这两种方法中的第二种， 并辅之以社会背景对智商影响的路径分析， 教育、结婚年龄和生育率。 解释问题， 以遗传和环境因素的相对重要性为中心 IQ测试的结果，将予以讨论。 关于出生顺序对智商影响的研究将首先在 通常的方法是使用整个威斯康星州样本的数据。 但第二和 更新颖的方法将使用应答者-同胞的智商差异， 以被调查者和兄弟姐妹的出生顺序作为因变量。 这 家族内差异自动控制许多混杂因素 由于受访者和兄弟姐妹有着相同的父母， 第二 因此，这种方法有望提供比 先 将通过多元回归引入统计控制， 多分类分析 这项研究将解决有关人口质量的问题， 家系大小、兄弟姐妹位置与 智力测量以及智力测量与 生育

The objective of this research is to examine two related questions: (1)\the relation between measured intelligence and family size; and (2) the relation between measured intelligence and birth order. The analyses will be based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The analysis of the relation between intelligence and family size will focus on estimating the generational change in mean IQ in two ways, first between parental and respondent generations using data on sibship size, and second between respondent and offspring generations using data from reproductive histories of men and women in the Wisconsin sample. Our analysis will emphasize the second of these two approaches, which will be complemented by path analyses of social background effects on IQ, education, age at marriage, and fertility. Questions of interpretation, centering on the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on measured IQ, will be addressed. The research on the influence of birth order on IQ will first be done in the usual way using data for the full Wisconsin sample. But the second and more novel approach will use the respondent-sib difference in IQ, indexed by birth orders of respondent and sib, as the dependent variable. This within-family difference automatically controls for many confounding factors, since respondent and sib share the same parents. The second approach, therefore, promises to give more informative results than the first. Statistical controls will be introduced via multiple regression and multiple classification analysis. The research will address questions about population quality deriving from the associations of size of family of origin and sibling position with measured intelligence and the association of measured intelligence with fertility.