Innovative Adsorbent Materials and Processes for Integrated Carbon Capture and Multi-pollutant Control for Fossil Fuel Power Generation

煤炭目前占全球发电量的40%，这一比例还在不断上升，这主要是由于亚洲经济的增长，尤其是中国，那里每周都有一座新的燃煤发电站投入使用。事实上，人们普遍认为，煤炭发电的长期未来必须与推动接近零排放的发电厂联系在一起，斯特恩勋爵最近表示，我们需要在碳捕获和封存方面做得更好。为了应对这一挑战，拟议的合作研究计划旨在帮助开发新的方法，将碳捕获和多污染物控制技术整合到粉状燃料（PF）煤燃烧中，以更有效地实现近零排放。这些技术基于合作伙伴正在开发的一系列新型可再生吸附剂材料，这些材料能够同时去除SOx， NOx, HCl， HF和有毒金属，特别是汞。这将在二氧化碳捕获之前立即实现，或通过成功开发和整合新型吸附剂材料，同时在二氧化碳捕获中实现，以提供准备压缩的高纯度二氧化碳流。拟议的合作研究计划的总体目标是进行基础研究，以加速新型综合碳捕获和同时多污染物控制技术的开发和示范。最终目标是大幅降低近零排放燃煤电厂的成本，以便在2020年实现现有技术的首次示范和商业部署后，新技术可以影响2020年代下一代碳捕集厂的实施。此外，新技术也可以很容易地适应中国其他各种规模的燃煤工业锅炉。该提案建立在之前由5个合作伙伴组织或参与的一系列中英合作活动的基础上，并在国际领先的中英机构在清洁煤技术方面的互补研发优势之间产生协同效应。英国合作伙伴最近访问了中国，以确定合作领域和机会，这些访问包括郭教授，斯内普教授，孙博士和刘博士访问了国家自然科学委员会，科技部和东南大学，以及中国的能源行业。事实上，中国合作伙伴目前在中国科学院、国家自然科学基金、863和973项目下获得的未来5年的研究经费将超过5000万元人民币，这些资金将支持他们在支持信中确认的研究项目中的活动。主要的合作活动包括广泛的材料开发，包括表征和建模，大规模了解其性能，并解决与材料和工艺开发相关的所有潜在关键基本问题。举例说明两种方式的思想交流、密切的工作关系和将获得的共同利益，包括：(i)一系列先进材料，包括接枝纳米多孔材料、碳复合材料和碳/金属氧化物混合材料，将在ICC-CAS、诺丁汉大学、伦敦大学学院和清华大学之间进行交换，以促进其吸收性能的全面表征和建模，并将合成选定的新材料，以便在清华大学和东南大学的设施中大规模了解其实际寿命内的性能。在诺丁汉开发的柔性锰氧化物将分发给其他合作伙伴，以确定包括捕集砷在内的其他用途，然后在ICC-CAS、清华大学和东南大学的试点设施中进行大规模制备，进行寿命和再生试验。

Coal is currently responsible for 40% of global electricity generation, which is increasing, largely due to the expanding economies of Asia, particularly China where a new coal-fired power station comes on stream every week. Indeed, it is generally recognised that the long-term future of coal for power generation must be linked to the drive towards near-zero emission power plant, with Lord Stern stating recently We need to get better at carbon capture and sequestration very quickly . To address this challenge, the proposed collaborative research programme aims to aid the development of new approaches to integrate carbon capture and multi-pollutant control technologies in pulverised fuel (PF) coal combustion to achieve near zero emissions more effectively. These technologies are based on a range of novel regenerable adsorbent materials being developed by the partners, which are capable of achieving the simultaneous removal of SOx, NOx, HCl, HF, and toxic metals, particularly mercury. This will be achieved either immediately prior to CO2 capture or simultaneously in CO2 capture through the successful development and integration of the novel sorbent materials to provide high purity CO2 streams ready for compression. The overall aim of the proposed collaborative research programme is to conduct the underpinning research to accelerate the development and demonstration of novel integrated carbon capture & simultaneous multi-pollutant control technologies, with the ultimate goal of reducing the cost of near zero emission coal plant considerably so that the new technologies can impact of the implementation of the next generation of carbon capture plants in the 2020s after the first demonstrations and commercial deployment with existing technology being achieved by 2020. Further, the new technologies can also be easily adapted to various scales of other coal-fired industrial boilers across China.The proposal builds upon a series of earlier UK-China collaborative activities organised and/or attended by the 5 partners and produces synergies between the complimentary R & D strengths of internationally leading UK and Chinese institutions in clean coal technology. The UK partners have visited China recently to identify areas and opportunities for collaboration and these visits include Prof. Guo, Prof. Snape, Dr Sun and Dr Liu to NSFC, MOST CAS and Southeast University, as well as and Chinese energy industries. Indeed, the current research funding obtained by the Chinese partners for next 5 years is in excess of RMB 50M under the CAS, NSFC, 863 and 973 Programmes, which will underpin their activities in the research programme as confirmed in the letters of support. Major collaborative activities include extensive materials development encompassing characterisation and modelling, understanding their performance at scale and also addressing all the underlying critical fundamental issues associated with materials and process development. Examples to demonstrate the two way exchange of ideas, the close working relationships and the mutual benefits that will be obtained include: (i) A range of advanced materials, including grafted nano-porous materials and carbon composite materials and carbon/metal oxides hybrid materials will be exchanged between ICC-CAS, Nottingham, UCL and Tsinghua to facilitate full characterisation and modelling of their absorption performance and selected new materials will be synthesised to gain an understanding of their performance at scale over realistic lifetimes in the facilities at Tsinghua and Southeast Universities. (ii) The flexible manganese oxides developed at Nottingham will be circulated to other partners for identifying other applications, including trapping arsenic and,, then prepared at scale for lifetime and regeneration tests in the pilot facilities at ICC-CAS, Tsinghua and Southeast Universities.