CROSS CULTURAL WORD RECOGNITION

阅读的问题，甚至在句子和扩展的水平 文本，主要源于识别单词的困难。 识别 书面文字需要从脚本到 读者的内部词典 这种映射或解码不是自然的 语言习得的特点（如从口语的映射 它的词汇表现）;相反，它需要特定的 依赖于仔细指导的元语言能力。 两种类型的 已经提出了解码。 一个是直接的，与视觉方面有关 另一种是中介的，涉及到翻译成 在词汇通达之前的语音表征。 除了一些 除了最近的例外，大多数研究都是用英语进行的。 表明流利的读者只使用直接的视觉途径。 在 相反，对塞尔维亚-克罗地亚人的研究表明， 流利阅读的常规。 该提案旨在查明 语音学在单词识别中的作用， 两种书写方式所得数据的异同 系统. 一些实验和模拟计划。 它们落 分为五个主要类别，由以下具体问题代表：（1） 是否有一个额外的和独立的直接视觉访问过程， 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语？ (2)用英语和塞尔维亚语做早期的自下而上的过程- 克罗地亚语单词识别在质量上或数量上有不同吗？ (3)什么 需要各种处理单元，以何种方式相互作用， 建立塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语单词识别的主要因素模型， 需要对这些单元和相互作用进行最小的修改， 能容纳英语单词识别的主要事实吗？ (4)是什么 连接字母单位和音素单位的过程的动态， 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语单词识别，因为字母单位代表 两个部分重叠的字母的字符 (5)做的话- 在fluent的开发过程中，特定的过程遵循类似规则的过程， 单词识别，反之亦然，两者的顺序是否相同 英语和塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语？ 信息处理理论与方法 （词汇判断、快速命名、启动、掩蔽）来测试这些 对比索赔，建模或模拟范例是 并行分布式处理 受试者将是成年男性和女性， 南斯拉夫和美国，双语阅读流利的英语 和塞尔维亚-克罗地亚拼写法，以及来自这两个国家的儿童。

The problems of reading, even at the levels of the sentence and extended text, stem largely from difficulties in identifying words. Recognizing a written word entails a mapping from the script to a representation in the reader's internal lexicon. This mapping or decoding is not a natural characteristic of language acquisition (as is the mapping from the spoken work to its lexical representation); rather, it entails specific metalinguistic abilities that rely on careful instruction. Two types of decoding have been suggested. One is direct and related to visual aspects of the printed work, the other is mediated and involves a translation into a phonological representation prior to lexical access. Aside from a few recent exceptions, the majority of the research conducted with English suggests that fluent readers use only the direct visual route. In contrast, research with Serbo-Croatian suggests that the mediated route is routine in fluent reading. The proposal is directed at pinpointing phonology's role in word recognition by examining in detail the similarities and differences between the data obtained with two writing systems. A number of experiments and simulations are planned. They fall into five main groups represented by the following specific questions: (1) Is there an additional and independent process of direct visual access in Serbo-Croatian? (2) Do the early bottom-up processes in English and Serbo- Croatian word recognition differ qualitatively or quantitatively? (3) What kinds of processing units, interacting in what kinds of ways, are needed to model the main factors of word recognition in Serbo-Croatian, and what minimal modifications to these units and interactions would be needed to accommodate the main facts of word recognition in English? (4) What are the dynamics of the processes linking letter units and phoneme units in Serbo-Croatian word identification, given that the letter units represent the characters of two, partially overlapping alphabets? (5) Do word- specific processes follow rule-like processes in the development of fluent word recognition, or vice versa, and is the ordering the same for both English and Serbo-Croatian? Information processing theory and methods (lexical decision, rapid naming, priming, masking) are used to test these contrasting claims, and the modeling or simulation paradigm is that of parallel distributed processing. Subjects will be adult men and women in Yugoslavia and the United States, bilinguals fluent in reading the English and Serbo-Croatian orthographies, and children from both countries.