NEUROMECHANICAL REGULATION OF AIRFLOW IN UPPER AIRWAYS

这项建议的目的是检查机械，神经肌肉， 以及在两个人的上呼吸道中的气流的反射控制， 睡眠和在隔离的犬上呼吸道中。这项工作的主要重点是 目的是阐明控制上呼吸道气流的潜在机制 并确定是否存在特定的改变， 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的气道气流。确切地说，是一只八哥 将采用上气道的电阻器模型来检查 气流的调节及其机械决定因素：咽关键 压力（Pcrit）和上游鼻阻力（RN）。具体目标#1， 上气道结构的改变对气流的影响及其 机械决定因素（a）上气道的存在和不存在 肌肉激活，和（B）在手术重建上 将检查气道。在具体目标#2中，相位的影响 上呼吸道对气流的神经肌肉激活及其机械 决定因素将被确定。在具体目标#3中， 反射控制的改变将通过检查化学物质来确定。 和上呼吸道神经肌肉活动的机械反射控制， 气流及其机械决定因素。 在每一个特定的目标，实验在隔离犬上气道将 检查上面列出的每个因素，以阐明基本机制 控制机械的、阶段性的神经肌肉激活和反射 控制上呼吸道。这些动物实验旨在测试 本发明的概念被认为在空气流动的调节中是重要的， 上呼吸道，并促进新的开发和应用 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的治疗方法专门 记录睡眠，压力，流量和EMG活动的技术将是 以及它们与流动的机械决定因素的关系 将被确定。

The purpose of this proposal is to examine the mechanical, neuromuscular, and reflex control of airflow in the upper airway in both humans during sleep and in an isolated canine upper airway. The major focus of this work is to elucidate underlying mechanisms in the control upper airway airflow and to determine whether specific alterations exist in the control of airflow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Specifically, a Starling resistor model of the upper airway will be employed to examine the regulation of airflow and its mechanical determinants: pharyngeal critical pressure (Pcrit) and upstream nasal resistance (RN). In Specific Aim #1, the influence of alterations in upper airway structure on airflow and its mechanical determinants in (a) the presence and absence of upper airway muscle activation, and (b) after surgical reconstruction of the upper airway will be examined. In Specific Aim #2, the effect of phasic neuromuscular activation of the upper airway on flow and its mechanical determinants will be determined. In Specific Aim #3, the effect of alterations in reflex control will be determined by examining the chemical and mechanical reflex control of upper airway neuromuscular activity, airflow, and its mechanical determinants. In each specific aim, experiments in the isolated canine upper airway will examine each of the factors outlined above to elucidate basic mechanisms controlling the mechanical, phasic neuromuscular activation, and reflex control of the upper airway. These animal experiments are designed to test present concepts believed important in the regulation of airflow in the upper airway, and to facilitate the development and application of new approaches to treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Specialized recording techniques for sleep, pressure, flow, and EMG activity will be employed and their relationships to the mechanical determinants of flow will be determined.