LOSSES AND SEPARATIONS; IMMUNE STATUS

损失经历与发病率和死亡率的增加有关， 情感障碍的风险，无论是在失去的时候， 日期.心理神经免疫学的大多数研究都集中在急性和 应激源暴露的直接影响。本项目将继续进行 短暂母婴分离急性效应的评价 非人灵长类动物的行为和免疫调节经验， 除了更详细地关注这种长期后果之外， 经验大量文献表明，早期的社会经历 可能会对成年人的行为和内分泌产生影响， 到相当严重。我们对短暂的母亲分离的初步研究 经验表明，长期后果取决于物种， 这很可能是不同模式的母亲和 同种异体护理。我们把它看作是社会支持的动物模型。的 本研究将探讨母婴关系， 青少年在一些新的应激源中的相互作用和行为 除了免疫调节的表征之外，还具有经验。这 一个前瞻性的项目也将允许描述青春期的开始， 受早期分离的影响。免疫调节将通过以下方式进行评价： 几个体外测量，体内反应的评估 （对新抗原的特异性抗体产生）和IL-2的测量 作为一种手段的本地化的第一近似， 免疫反应被调节了这个项目对 艾滋病毒阳性人群遭受损失的严重后果， 艾滋病毒阳性同性恋人群中的比例非常高。此外， 与经历重大损失的艾滋病毒感染者的相关性 在发展过程中，也许随后将他们置于更大的风险之中， 压力源暴露期间的疾病进展。

Loss experiences are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and risk for affective disorders both at the time of the loss and at later dates. Most research in psychoneuroimmunology has focused on the acute and immediate effects of stressor exposure. The present project will continue the evaluation of the acute effects of brief maternal separation experiences in nonhuman primates on behavior and immunoregulation in addition to a more detailed focus on the long term consequences of such experiences. An extensive literature suggests that early social experiences may have behavioral and endocrine effects in the adult ranging from subtle to quite severe. Our preliminary studies of brief maternal separation experiences suggest that long term consequences are species dependent, which are likely a function of different patterns of maternal and allomaternal care. We view this as an animal model of social support. The present study will investigate the relationship between mother-infant interactions and behavior of the juvenile in a number of novel stressor experiences in addition to a characterization of immunoregulation. This prospective project will also permit the description of puberty onset as influenced by early separation. Immunoregulation will be evaluated through several in vitro measurements, the assessment of in vivo responses (specific antibody production to novel antigens), and measurement of IL-2 as a first approximation toward the localization of a means through which the immune responses have been modulated. This project has implications for the acute consequences of loss experiences in HIV+ populations, which are extraordinary high among HIV+ gay populations. Furthermore, it has relevance for HIV infected individuals who experienced significant losses during development, perhaps subsequently placing them at a greater risk for progression of illness during stressor exposure.