SANDPIT - Disruption: the raw material for low carbon change

有证据表明，如果我们要减少交通运输的碳排放，以达到政府和国际目标，我们就需要从根本上改变我们的旅行习惯和做法。混合动力和电动汽车等技术的发展将在某种程度上使我们能够减少碳排放并保持目前的生活方式，但它们无法提供所有必要的减排，也不够快。我们的旅游习惯，包括为何旅游、到何处旅游及如何旅游，都是我们日常生活中众多选择的一部分;要把这些选择与我们的住屋、就业、教育、消闲等模式分开，是很困难的，但如果我们要在维持生活质素的同时，大幅减少排放，我们便必须这样做。与此同时，交通政策和制定交通政策的决策系统也形成了一些文化假设，其中最重要的是，人们的出行习惯非常稳定，很难改变人们的出行选择和决策者现有的思维方式。尽管如此，实际上很多时候，我们的日常生活会受到干扰，这些事件提供了机会之窗，使变革成为可能。在一个看似稳定的整体交通需求模式下，我们经常被迫重新思考我们日常生活的常规方式，组织也被迫重新考虑他们的运营方式。这些中断可能发生在不同的层面，从断腿的中断，这意味着母亲无法开车送孩子上学，到火山爆发的中断，如2010年冰岛火山灰云，使人们被困在离家数千英里的地方，企业的关键员工无法履行正常职责。本项目试图探索的正是这些机会带来更持久的碳减排变化的潜力。该项目深入研究了我们旅行的方式和我们所做的假设，当我们的生活被打乱时，这些假设如何改变，以及如何将更积极的变化嵌入日常生活，组织和政策制定中。该研究探讨了一系列地方和社会背景下的旅行实践，了解到这些不同的环境影响我们的旅行方式，以及我们如何减少积极变化的障碍。我们将近距离研究中断如何影响人们做出的真实的选择，以及这告诉我们在个人层面和家庭内部改变旅行实践的机会;在产生旅行需求并影响我们个人旅行决策的组织中;以及在决定我们旅行机会的政策制定的政府内部。我们将使用一系列创新的研究方法来做到这一点，包括通过Facebook和Twitter捕捉旅行行为，并进行视频录制的移动的采访。参与研究的人将能够选择如何与研究人员合作，以最好地捕捉他们的旅行体验，以及这些体验如何受到他们认为重要的不同干扰的影响。然后，该项目汇集了不同的社会行为者，无论是“外行”还是“专家”，在一些论坛上，他们有机会“审议”整个研究过程中出现的不同问题，并就需要做些什么来抓住变革的机会相互挑战。最后，该项目寻求建立机制，将这些变化融入日常生活、组织实践和社会政策，从而为减少交通运输的碳排放做出重大贡献。

Evidence suggests that we will need to change our travel habits and practices radically if we are to reduce the carbon emissions from transport to meet government and international targets. Technological developments such as hybrid and electric cars will, to some extent, allow us to reduce our carbon impact and maintain current lifestyles, but they cannot provide all of the necessary reductions in emissions, nor quickly enough. Our travel practices - why, where and how we travel - are a function of the many choices that make up our daily lives; it is difficult to untangle them from our patterns of housing, employment, education, leisure and so on. But we must do so if we are to bring about significant reductions in emissions whilst maintaining quality of life. At the same time, transport policies and the policy-making systems that produce them have developed a number of cultural assumptions, most importantly that travel practices are very stable and that it is very difficult to change both people's travel choices and policy makers' existing ways of thinking.In spite of this, there are actually many times when our everyday lives become disrupted, and these events provide windows of opportunity where change becomes possible. Within a seemingly stable overall pattern of transport demand, we are often forced to rethink our usual way of carrying out our everyday lives, and organisations are forced to reconsider how they operate. These disruptions can occur at different levels, from the disruption of a broken leg that means a mother cannot drive her children to school, to the disruption from a volcanic eruption such as the 2010 Icelandic ash cloud that left people stranded thousands of miles from home and businesses with their key employees unable to fulfil their normal roles. It is the potential for these kinds of opportunities to lead to more permanent carbon-reducing changes that this project seeks to explore. This project is an in-depth study of the way we travel and the assumptions we make, how this changes when our lives are disrupted and how the more positive changes can be embedded in everyday life, in organisations and in policy-making.The research explores travel practices in a range of places and social contexts, with the understanding that these different contexts influence the ways we travel and how we reduce barriers to positive change. We will study at close hand how disruption affects the real choices people make, and what this teaches us about the opportunities to change travel practices at individual level and within families; in organisations that generate travel demand and impact on our own individual travel decision-making; and within government where policy that determines our travel opportunities is made. We will use a range of innovative research methods to do this including capturing travel behaviour through Facebook and Twitter and carrying out video-recorded mobile interviews. Those taking part in the research will be able to choose how they work with researchers to best capture their travel experiences and how these are influenced by different disruptions, which they identify as being significant. The project then brings together the different social actors, both 'lay' and 'expert' in a number of forums where they have the opportunity to 'deliberate' the different issues that will emerge throughout the research, and challenge each other about what needs to be done to capture the opportunities for change. Lastly the project seeks to establish mechanisms for embedding these changes in everyday life, in organisational practices and in social policy, so that a substantial contribution to reducing carbon emissions from transport is achieved.