REDUCING BIAS--THE COMMON INGROUP IDENTITY MODEL

群体间偏见，虽然它不公平地使一些人受益， 和社会后果。 种族主义的后果，因为 例如，除了少数群体成员未实现的潜力外， 群体和未能利用多样性。 的直接费用 多数人和少数人群体都涉及到人的损失， 由于失业、贫困、犯罪、毒品、 健康状况不佳，以及个人、社会和家庭功能障碍（见Crain & Weisman，1972;鲍泽& Hunt，1981; Jones，1986; McLoyd，1990）。 拟议的研究发展和审查的共同内群体身份 减少群体间偏见和冲突的模式。 该模型侧重于 调解认知过程，并声称（1）更和谐， 群体间的相互作用可以通过改变 成员对两组成员身份的认知表征， 一个群体;（2）对外群成员有利的泛化， 具体涉及的接触情况将被最大化时， 初始群体身份的显著性得到维持，但在 一个共同的群体身份的背景下。 因此，拟议的研究审查 对多样性的认识如何减少偏见， 在重要和持久的方面不同。 该提案衍生出一套 可检验的假设，并提出了一系列的十项研究， 解决总体理论框架的几个部分。 一些 研究认为，这些因素被提议诱导一个共同的内群体， 身份（例如，群体间合作的要素、群体间的平等地位、 积极情绪和语言因素）。 其他研究检查 共同的组内身份的建议后果（例如，合作， 自我揭露和利他主义）。 最后，两项研究应用了 减少种族间的偏见。

Intergroup bias, although it unfairly benefits some, has negative personal and social consequences for all citizens. The consequences of racism, for example, include more than the unrealized potential of members of minority groups and the failure to capitalize on diversity. Direct costs to majority as well as to minority groups involve the loss of human and financial resources as the result of unemployment, poverty, crime, drugs, ill-health, and personal, social and family dysfunction (see Crain & Weisman, 1972; Bowser & Hunt, 1981; Jones, 1986; McLoyd, 1990). The proposed research develops and examines the Common Ingroup Identity Model for reducing intergroup bias and conflict. This model focuses on mediating cognitive processes and asserts that (1) more harmonious, intergroup interactions can be facilitated by factors that transform members' cognitive representations of the memberships from two groups to one group; (2) favorable generalization to outgroup members not specifically involved in the contact situation will be maximized when the salience of the initial group identities are maintained, but within the context of a common ingroup identity. Thus the proposed research examines how the recognition of diversity could lead to reduced bias when groups differ in important and enduring ways. The proposal derives a set of testable hypotheses and proposes a series of ten studies that together address several portions of the overarching theoretical framework. Some studies consider factors that are proposed to induce a common ingroup identity (e.g, elements of intergroup cooperation, equal status between groups, positive mood and linguistic factors). Additional studies examine proposed consequences of a common ingroup identity (e.g., cooperation, self-disclosure and altruism). Finally, two studies apply principles derived from the model to reducing interracial bias.