Theme 2: Multi-Physics and Multi-Functional Simulation Methods.

多物理主题是一个相互关联的活动计划，旨在提高汽车设计和工程过程中的模拟能力。其目的是，这些方法将在车辆的广泛的功能、动力学和属性上具有应用。例如，越野能力，对真实的世界空气动力学的影响以及乘客舱内噪音的建模。从最初的概念到工程验证应用模拟方法的能力允许在过程的所有阶段进行稳健的决策。这将缩短产品开发时间，提高灵活性和应对市场压力的能力，减少对物理原型的依赖，降低成本并提高竞争力。因此，仿真能力将在广度和深度上得到扩展，并将探索在整个设计和工程过程中使用仿真工具的方法。多物理主题围绕与汽车背景下复杂现象建模相关的三个常见研究挑战进行结构化;降阶建模，耦合和高保真建模。这些都是通过几个具体的项目，解决不同方面的车辆追求。通过在单个提案中解决多个功能，通过JLR内部的学术交叉交流和跨属性合作，可以实现相当大的附加值。三个主要的研究挑战是：高保真建模;这里通常是指复杂现象的模拟，例如，捕获车辆周围的时间依赖流场，模拟必须准确地解决物理过程。另一个例子是捕获越野情况下发生的复杂轮胎-地形交互。耦合挑战与连接多个模拟的物理以及时序和通信过程有关。这里的重点是物理学。此外，耦合挑战是指在高性能计算系统上运行的大型模拟与设计用于仅捕获物理学最重要方面的更简单简化模型之间的连接，例如，在内部的完全计算模拟之间，一个降阶模型可以是一个更大的模拟或系统的简化，在规定的范围内，可用于研究设计的特定方面或在升级到更高阶之前快速优化设计的模拟。或者，降阶模型可以与高阶模型耦合。例如，空气动力学的高保真数值模拟可能与降阶车辆操纵模型相结合，以研究风特性。工作分为三个包，第一个包侧重于流体动力学驱动方面的模拟，包括三个项目：真实的世界空气动力学，表面污染和发动机排放。第一个进行高保真非定常流模拟的动态车辆在现实环境中，第二个模型的表面污染使用的流量预测从第一个项目和第三个确定排放的基础上的流场在气缸燃烧前。第二个软件包侧重于通过三个项目模拟崎岖地形的影响：预测地面力学激励及其对车辆动力学的影响，以噪声振动和粗糙度的形式传递到客舱，以及它们对关键部件疲劳失效的影响。第三个软件包将开发自动模型降阶的方法，并将从整个主题中选取案例，最初是相对简单的慢变问题，然后扩展到更复杂的多节点模型。

The multi-physics theme is a programme of linked activities that improve the simulation capability within the Automotive Design and Engineering process. It is intended that the methods will have application across a wide range of functions, dynamics and attributes of the vehicle. For example; the off-road capability, the effects off real world aerodynamics and the modelling of the noise within the passenger compartment. The ability to apply simulation methods from initial concept through to engineering verification allows robust decision making at all stages of the process. This will shorten product development times, improve flexibility and the ability to respond to market pressures, reduce reliance on physical prototypes and reduce costs and improve competitiveness. The simulation capability will therefore be expanded both in breadth and depth and methods for making simulation tools available throughout the design and engineering process will be explored.The multi-physics theme is structured around three common research challenges associated with the modelling of complex phenomena in an Automotive context; Reduced Order Modelling, Coupling, and High Fidelity Modelling. These are pursued through several specific projects that address different aspects of the vehicle. By addressing multiple functions within a single proposal there is considerable added value through both academic cross-fertilisation and in cross-attribute collaboration within JLR. The three main research challenges are:High Fidelity Modelling; here refers generally to the simulation of complex phenomenon, for example, capturing the time dependent flow-field around a vehicle where the simulation must accurately resolve the physical processes. An alternative example is capturing the complex tyre-terrain interaction that occurs in an off road situation.The coupling challenge is associated with connecting multiple simulations in terms of the physics and also the process of timing and communication. The emphasis here is on the physics. In addition, the coupling challenge refers to the connection between large simulations running on an high performance computing system and simpler reduced models that are designed to capture only the most important aspects of the physics, for example between a full computational simulation of the in-cylinder flow and a simple model to predict the engine emissions.A reduced order model can be a reduction of a much larger simulation or system of simulations that can be used, within prescribed limits, to investigate specific aspects of a design or to quickly optimise a design before escalating to higher order. Alternatively a reduced order model might be coupled with a higher order model. For example a high fidelity numerical simulation of the aerodynamics might be coupled with a reduced order vehicle handling model to investigate crosswind characteristics.The work is organised into three packages, the first focuses on fluid dynamic driven aspects of simulation and comprises three projects: Real World Aerodynamics, Surface Contamination and Engine-out Emissions. The first undertakes high fidelity unsteady flow simulations of a dynamic vehicle in a realistic environment, the second modelling of surface contamination using the flow predictions from the first project and the third determines emissions based upon the flow-field in the cylinder prior to combustion. The second package focuses on the simulation of effects of rough terrain, through three projects: the prediction of terra-mechanics excitations and their effect on vehicle dynamics, the transmission to the passenger cabin in the form of noise vibration and harshness and their effect on fatigue failure of critical components. The third package will develop methods of automated model order reduction and will take as it cases work from across the theme, initially relatively simple slow-varying problems and then extending to more complex multi-nodal models.