RESPIRATOR TOLERANCE

该项目将评估生理和心理生理学效应 使用呼吸器制定适当的医疗认证指南 程序并有助于设计更好的容错性(因此更多 有效使用)呼吸器。以前的许多工作都集中在他们的 对最大工作能力和个人能力的影响 克服死区、电阻和热负荷的影响。这 项目将检验这样的假设：在大多数正常和适度的情况下 对于弱智人士，使用呼吸器的能力并不取决于 这些因素，而是由一种适当的适应决定的 呼吸模式和对呼吸的心理生理敏感性 大把的。 将进行三种类型的研究：L。运动实验室研究 将测量“机械”因素(流量、压力)、呼吸计时 以及模式、负荷敏感度和代谢(例如，氧和碳 二氧化碳体积)在正常和受损受试者中的变量。测量结果 将在三个伪稳态运动水平下进行，然后是坡道 快速增加运动量的时期，以确定影响因素 严格限制呼吸器的使用。牙套使用造成的伪影 在以前的研究中将被估计。2.非卧床研究将测量 田间流量、流量、呼吸时间和模式变量 条件。3.公差研究的决定因素将测试负荷 大鼠的敏感性、呼吸模式和呼吸器耐受性 帮助定义正常可变性的样本。 呼吸计时和模式测量将采用改进的 呼吸电感体积测定仪系统。这将通过调频来完成 磁带录音机，允许脱机处理和移动使用。负载量 灵敏度将使用“心理物理定律”进行测量，在该定律中 知觉(P)和阻力(R)是相关的：P Alpha R Exp(N)，“n” 代表了一个人的敏感性。 这些研究应该定义正常反应，描述反应的特征 并确定耐受性是否主要取决于因素 而不是简单的肌肉能力来克服呼吸器的负荷。

This project will evaluate physiologic and psychophysiologic effects of respirator use to develop adequate guidelines for medical certification programs and to facilitate design of better tolerated (and hence more effectively used) respirators. Much previous work has focused upon their effects on maximal work ability and on the ability of an individual to overcome the effects of dead space, resistance, and thermal loads. This project will examine the hypothesis that in most normal and moderately impaired persons, the ability to use a respirator is not determined by these factors, but rather is determined by the adaptation of an appropriate respiratory pattern and by psychophysiologic sensitivity to respiratory loads. Three types of studies will be performed: l. EXERCISE LABORATORY STUDIES will measure "mechanical" factors (flows, pressures), respiratory timing and pattern, load sensitivity, and metabolic (e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide volumes) variables in normal and impaired subjects. Measurements will be made at three pseudosteady state exercise levels followed by a ramp period of rapidly increasing exercise in order to identify the factors which critically limit respirator use. Artefact caused by mouthpiece use in previous studies will be estimated. 2. AMBULATORY STUDIES will measure flows, volumes, and respiratory timing and pattern variables under field conditions. 3. DETERMINANTS OF TOLERANCE STUDIES will test load sensitivity, respiratory pattern, and respirator tolerance in a large sample to help define normal variability. Respiratory timing and pattern measurements will employ a modified respiratory inductance plethysmograph system. It will be done with an FM tape recorder to allow off-line processing and ambulatory use. Load sensitivity will be measured using the "Psychophysical Law", in which perception (P) and Resistance (R) are related: P Alpha R exp(n), "n" representing an individual's sensitivity. These studies should define the normal response, characterize responses in impaired persons, and determine if tolerance depends primarily on factors other than simple muscle ability to overcome respirator loads.