Intelligent Grid Interfaced Vehicle Eco-charging (iGIVE)

英国政府决心以一种成本最小化、经济效益最大化的方式，应对应对气候变化和维护能源安全的挑战。在英国的所有二氧化碳排放源中，能源供应约占40%，其次是交通运输，占25%以上。为了实现到2050年将温室气体排放量减少80%的目标，低碳发电的大比例与电动汽车的大规模采用相结合，提供了巨大的潜力。同样，中国的第十二个国民经济和社会发展五年规划也提出了单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放量下降3.5%的目标，并将新能源和清洁能源汽车列入2012年起未来五年的七大重点产业。很明显，两国都完全致力于各自能源系统的“脱碳”计划。然而，两者都面临着规划和建设合适基础设施的挑战，以及通过整合和协调所有参与者的行动来管理资源，以确保未来电力系统更可靠、更灵活、更经济地运行。人们普遍认识到，在可再生资源得到广泛和大量利用的智能电网中，电动汽车既可以受益，也可以帮助推动智能电网的发展。然而，仍有许多技术挑战有待进一步开发。本次合作的跨学科研究将研究和开发智能电网接口汽车生态充电（iGIVE）系统，为分布式低碳间歇性发电和大量电动汽车的无缝集成提供更可靠、更灵活、更高效、更环保的智能电网解决方案。为了实现这一目标，将首先研究用于监测和优化控制电动汽车充电的多层分层功率和信息流框架，同时最大限度地减少传递给公用事业控制中心的信息量。在此框架下，将开发一种基于专利技术的可变速率双向高性能电动汽车电池充电单元，并对电池管理和电动汽车充放电优化调度策略进行研究。与充电站相关的其他问题，如电磁干扰和谐波的产生及其对环境和电网的影响也将进行研究。最后，建立仿真平台，研究电动汽车相关的不同参与者之间的相互作用及其对电网运行的影响。将开发一个验证设计的试验台，并建立一个智能电网和电动汽车集成的中英联合实验室，汇集中英在智能电网和电动汽车方面的主要学术和行业合作伙伴。在英国、中国和世界其他地区，当大量的电动汽车被公众采用，更多的可再生能源被利用时，智能电动汽车生态充电系统的发展将大大受益于系统运营商和电动汽车行业，因为它们提供了一个适应性和智能的框架和电动汽车充电系统，以经济地，有效和环保地满足充电要求，并为与大量间歇性可再生能源相结合的电网提供辅助服务，从而实现电力供应行业和运输部门的脱碳。

The UK government is determined to address the challenges of tackling climate change and maintaining energy security in a way that minimises costs and maximises benefits to the economy. Among all sources of CO2 emissions in the UK, the energy supply accounts for about 40%, followed by the transport for over 25%. To meet the target of cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, large proportion of electricity generated from low carbon sources integrated with mass adoption of electric vehicles (EV) offer a great potential. Likewise, the Chinese 12th National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan has set the target of 3.5% reduction per unit of GDP in both energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, and identified new energy and clean energy vehicles among the seven priority industries in the next five years from 2012. It is clear that both countries are fully committed to a planned 'decarbonisation' of their respective energy systems. However, both face the challenges of planning and building the suitable infrastructure, and of managing the resources to ensure future power systems operate more reliably, more flexibly, and more economically, by integrating and coordinating the actions of all actors. It has been widely recognized that electric vehicles could both benefit from and help to drive forward the development of smart grids where renewable resources are widely and substantially employed. However, a number of technical challenges are still open for further exploitation. The proposed collaborative interdisciplinary research will investigate and develop an intelligent grid interfaced vehicle eco-charging (iGIVE) system for more reliable, more flexible and efficient, and more environmental friendly smart gird solutions for seamless integration of distributed low-carbon intermittent power generation and large number of EVs. To achieve this, a multilayer hierarchical power and information flow framework for monitoring and optimal control of the EV charging while minimising the volume of information passed to the utility control centers will be investigated first. Within this framework, a variable rate bi-directional high performance EV battery charging unit based on a patented technology will be developed, and battery management and optimal EV charging and discharging dispatching strategies will be investigated. Other issues associated to the charging stations, such as electromagnetic interference and harmonics generation and their impact on environment and electricity grid will also be studied. Finally, simulation platform will be built to investigate the interactions of EV-related different participants and their impact on the grid operations. A test bed to verify the design will be developed and a joint UK-China joint laboratory on smart grid and EV integration will be established, bringing together key academic and industry partners in smart grid and EV from UK and China.Both system operators and EV industry in the UK, China and other parts of the world will benefit considerably from the development of intelligent EV eco-charging systems when a large number of EVs are adopted by the public and greater amounts of renewable power are utilized, as they provide an adaptive and intelligent framework and EV charging systems to economically, efficiently and environment-friendly accommodate charging requirements as well as providing ancillary service to the grid integrated with larger amounts of intermittent renewable energy sources and thereby enable the decarbonisation of the electricity supply industry and the transport sector.