York City Environment Observatory: Diagnostic Phase

到本世纪中叶，世界人口的三分之二将是城市--相当于大约63亿人。这些城市地区管理不善将对人口的健康和福祉(即人们如何体验生活和繁荣)产生不利影响，并导致社会和环境不公。长期以来，人们一直认识到，城市内良好的文化、社会、建筑和自然环境在城市居民的健康、福祉和公平方面提供了好处。相反，质量差的环境会对公民的健康和福祉产生负面影响，并产生负面的经济后果。随着城市化程度的提高和气候的变化，城市内部的建筑、文化、社会和自然环境将面临进一步的压力。虽然选定的环境质量参数，如噪音和空气污染与健康之间的关系已经有了很好的特点，但对经济和社会福祉与健康的其他质量衡量指标或终点之间的关系知之甚少。这种有限理解的一个主要原因是，尽管存在大量关于城市环境的数据，但这些数据分散在许多数据所有者中，没有连接在一起或以适当的粒度进行连接。由于这些现有数据集是出于其他原因收集的，它们的形式并不总是对各种目的或未来需要有用。关于一些重要参数的数据还不存在。此外，解决这些复杂问题所需的不同学科的专家经常单独工作。通过将数据汇集在一起，打破研究学科之间的障碍，并开发和开发新的监测、建模和分析技术(例如无线传感网络、可穿戴设备、无人机、众包、城市3D模型和虚拟现实)，应该可以提供一个城市环境质量的整体分析，供许多不同的利益攸关方(例如，研究人员、政策制定者、规划者、企业和公众)使用，以满足他们的需求。这一整体分析将使我们更好地了解如何管理城市环境，并将为公民和经济提供长期利益。纽约市环境观察站(YCEO)倡议将通过提供城市规模的框架、工具和概念模型来解决这一重大知识差距，这些框架、工具和概念模型可以推出，以帮助治理约克和英国其他城市以及世界各地的环境。在这个诊断阶段项目中，来自不同部门和学科的专家将以整体的方式合作，设计并为建立YCEO奠定基础。该联盟将与一系列利益相关者合作，展望过去、现在和未来，试图诊断和预测约克的环境问题及其相关的人类健康、福祉和经济影响。我们将在约克在开放数据方面的强劲记录基础上，将数据和模型结合起来，以实现这一点。这个诊断项目将使我们能够为YCEO开发一个原型设计，并在未来五年内实施，并制定实现这一目标的路线图。YCEO将为如何最好地管理和改善现在和未来整个城市系统的社会、文化、建筑和自然环境提供证据基础，并通过这种方式改善市民的健康、福祉和公平，以及城市的经济。YCEO还将帮助当地、国家和国际利益攸关方(包括规划者、企业、居民和社区团体)针对城市生活伙伴关系这一诊断阶段确定的一系列问题提出低成本和创新的解决方案。

By the middle of this century, two thirds of the world's population will be urban - equivalent to around 6.3 billion people. Mismanagement of these urban areas will adversely affect the health and well-being (i.e. how people experience their lives and flourish) of the population, and lead to social and environmental injustice. It has long been recognised that good quality cultural, social, built and natural environments within cities provide benefits in terms of health, well-being and equity of urban residents. Conversely, poor quality environments negatively affect the health and well-being of citizens and have negative economic consequences. With increasing urbanisation and changes in climate, the built, cultural, social and natural environments within cities will come under further pressure. While the relationships between selected environment quality parameters, such as noise and air pollution and health, have been well characterised, relatively little is known about the relationship between other quality measures, or endpoints, of economic and societal well-being and health. A major reason for this limited understanding is that while much data on city environments exist, this is fragmented across numerous data owners, is not joined up or at suitable granularity. As these existing datasets have been collected for other reasons, they are not always in a form where they are useful for a wide variety of purposes or for future needs. Data on some important parameters simply does not yet exist. Additionally, specialists in the different disciplines needed to tackle these complex issues often work in isolation. By bringing data together, breaking down barriers across research disciplines and exploiting and developing new monitoring, modelling and analytical technologies (e.g. wireless sensing networks, wearable devices, drones, crowdsourcing, 3D models of cities and virtual reality), it should be possible to provide a holistic analysis of the quality of the environment with a city that can be used by many different stakeholders (e.g. researchers, policy makers, planners, businesses and the public) to address their needs. This holistic analysis will then provide us with a better understanding of how to manage city environments and will provide long-term benefits to citizens and the economy.The York City Environment Observatory (YCEO) initiative will address this major knowledge gap by providing a framework, tools and conceptual models at the urban scale that can be rolled-out to assist with governance of environments in York and other cities in the UK and around the world. In this diagnostic phase project, experts from a diverse range of sectors and disciplines, will work together in a holistic way to design and lay the groundwork for establishing the YCEO. The consortium will work with a range of stakeholders and look to the past, present and future in trying to diagnose and predict environmental issues for York and their associated human health and well-being and economic impacts. We will build on York's strong track record in open data and combine data and models in order to do this. This diagnostic project will allow us to develop a prototype design for the YCEO, to be implemented within the next five years and a roadmap for achieving this. The YCEO will be designed to provide the evidence-base for making decisions on how best to manage and enhance the social, cultural, built and natural environment across city systems now and into the future, and in this way, improve the health, well-being and equity of citizens and the economy of the city. The YCEO will also aid local, national and international stakeholders (including planners, businesses, residents and community groups) to come up with low cost and innovative solutions to a range of problems identified as part of this diagnostic phase of the Urban Living Partnership.