Smart Energy Research Lab

英国将投资110亿英镑，到2020年在国内和小型非住宅物业安装5300万个智能电表和煤气表。在全国范围内获取可靠、高分辨率的天然气和电力能源数据的能力，有可能彻底改变我们如何在建筑中使用能源的研究。目前，可用的最好的国内能源数据是根据公用事业公司不频繁且经常估计的仪表读数估计的年度消耗量。在过去的五年里，这些数据被研究人员和政府用来帮助评估节能技术的有效性，并帮助规划低碳能源系统。智能电表的引入提供了检查更可靠的燃气和电力数据的可能性，这些数据至少每半小时收集一次，这为研究人员提供了巨大的机会。它可以帮助开发按设备分解能源使用的更好方法；以更低的成本制作更可靠的能源标签；帮助识别燃料匮乏的家庭；促进需求侧响应，以帮助平衡电网；帮助确定最适合物业的能效措施；为消费者生产新产品和服务；以及为政府制定更适当的政策。英国智能电表计划的优势之一是能源消费者拥有自己的数据。这意味着没有人，即使是公用事业公司，也不会自动访问所有智能电表的数据，也没有人会存储每个人每半小时的数据。只有在得到房主同意的情况下，才能每半小时访问一次数据，然后只能通过高度安全的网关访问。虽然这适当地优先考虑了客户的权利和安全，但这意味着个人研究人员获取未来能源数据将更加困难。这项建议旨在为英国研究界提供一个共享的智能电表研究门户(SMRP)，以访问智能电表数据(从而节省大量时间和金钱)，并利用这些数据建立一个世界领先的研究计划。这项研究将通过将智能电表数据与作为国家调查、实地试验或高度安全的英国数据档案中的行政数据的一部分收集的数据相联系来促进这项研究。例如，英国有一项年度英国住房调查，收集有关建筑大小和理论能效的信息，以及居住者的信息。在此基础上附上同意书，将允许理论能源使用与实际能源使用挂钩，这反过来将提供改进能源模型的潜力，如国家家庭模型。如果没有共享门户，学术界和政府将需要建立自己的访问智能电表数据的机制，估计成本为1-200万GB，以满足安全和道德要求。这将阻止进行较小的项目，例如几百个新的节能技术的房屋田间试验。这是因为，他们将不得不安装自己的电表或手动抄表，这使得此类项目成本更高，招募参与者也更困难。此外，许多项目将使监测所需的时间增加一倍。智能电表存储过去13个月的数据，这意味着评估供暖技术影响的项目不需要在安装新技术之前监控能源使用情况。从而潜在地为许多研究项目节省了一年的时间。这意味着，一旦建立了门户，并通过一个研究项目样本展示了它的高效工作。未来相对较低的年度运行成本(GB 300-400k)可以通过向单个研究项目收取SMRP服务的固定成本来满足，该服务以安全和合乎道德的方式获取、链接和预处理数据，从而使学者能够专注于他们的研究。

The UK is investing £11 billion installing 53 million smart electricity and gas meters in domestic and small non-domestic properties by 2020. The ability to access reliable, high-resolution gas and electricity energy data at a national scale has the potential to revolutionise research into how we use energy in our buildings. Currently the best available domestic energy data is estimated annual consumption from infrequent and often estimated meter readings by utilities. This data has, over the last five years, been used by researchers and government to help assess the effectiveness of energy efficient technologies and help plan for a low carbon energy system. The introduction of smart meters offers the potential to examine more reliable gas and electricity data collected at least every half hour which offers great opportunities for researchers. It can help develop better methods of disaggregating energy use by appliance; produce more reliable energy labels at lower costs; help identify fuel-poor households; facilitate demand side response to help balance the electricity grid; help identify the most appropriate energy efficiency measures for a property; produce new products and services for consumers; and develop more appropriate policies for government. One of the strengths of the UK Smart Meter programme is that energy consumers own their own data. This means that nobody, not even utilities, will automatically get access to all smart meter data, and nobody will store everybody's half hourly data. Only if consent is provided by home owners can half hourly data be accessed, and then only via a highly secure gateway. While this appropriately prioritises customers' rights and security, it means that it will be much more difficult for individual researchers to access future energy data. This proposal is to provide the UK research community with a shared SMART METER RESEARCH PORTAL (SMRP) to access smart meter data (thereby saving considerable time and money) and to establish a world leading research programme using the this data. This research will be facilitated by linking smart meter data to data collected as part of national surveys, field trials, or administrative data within the highly secure UK Data Archive. For example, the UK has an annual English Housing Survey which collects information about the size and theoretical energy efficiency of buildings as well as information about the occupants. Attaching a consent form to this, would allow theoretical energy use to be linked to actual energy use, which in turn would provide the potential to improve energy models such as the National Household Model. Without a shared portal academics and government would need to build their own mechanism of accessing smart meter data at an estimated cost of £1-2m to meet the security and ethical requirements. This would prevent smaller projects, such as a few hundred house field trail of a new energy efficient technology, from being undertaken. This is because, they would have to install their own meters or read meters manually, making such projects more costly and difficult to recruit participants. In addition, many projects would double the time required for monitoring. Smart meters store data from the previous 13 months, this means that a project assessing the impact of a heating technology does not need to monitor energy use prior to the installation of the new technology. Thereby potentially saving a year of time for many research projects. This means that once the portal has been built and demonstrated to work efficiently via a sample of research projects. The relatively low future annual running costs (£300-400k) can be met by individual research projects being charged a fixed cost for the SMRP service of obtaining, linking and pre-processing data in a secure and ethical way, thereby allowing academics to focus on their research.