Future Electric Vehicle Energy Networks supporting Renewables (FEVER)

向低碳转型是本世纪的关键目标之一，以确保人为气候变化的影响有限，甚至可能得到缓解。通过运输的电气化，污染化石燃料及其消费产生的有害排放可以显著减少。电子运输模式具有挑战性，因为对供电电网提出了大量能源需求，要求安装国家充电基础设施，有限的电池容量导致里程焦虑，围绕成本和用户体验的不确定性，包括期望汽车燃料可以在几分钟内补充，仅举几例。这些问题横跨整个社会，具有广泛的影响：如果电动汽车(EV)的体验并不“令人满意”，那么消费者将不愿做出改变。为了应对这一挑战，需要一种能够提供完全电网独立、可再生能源充电的电动汽车充电解决方案。这一解决方案应：(I)促进为电动汽车充电目的部署新的可再生发电能力；以及(Ii)克服现有的国家电网容量限制，以满足电动汽车充电负荷的增长。这样的解决方案还可以支持本地化智能电网的创建，这种电网可以灵活地支持当前基础设施服务不足的社区的能源需求，进一步缓解现有电网的压力。通过这项计划拨款中的“发烧概念”，研究人员将设计、开发和演示这样的电动汽车充电解决方案。FEVER将在创新的车外储能(OVES)系统中使用可再生能源发电，为电动汽车提供安全、全年、独立于电网的充电。除了最先进的技术外，还将开发一种成本效益高、社会可接受的混合Oves，适用于城市和农村的部署和使用。这个跨学科的项目联合了来自三所研究主导的英国大学的不同的学术科学家和工程师团队(机械、电子和电气、计算机科学)和社会科学家(心理学、经济学和管理学)：南安普顿、谢菲尔德和萨里。这个团队所体现的专业知识反映了这样一个事实，即技术可行性、财务成本和社会接受度(包括社会政治、市场/最终用户和社区接受度)的组合通常决定了特定创新的运营和商业成功。只有利用计划拨款计划这样的平台，才能将广泛的专业知识和背景与该行业的关键行业合作伙伴(包括壳牌、Cenex、西门子、蜂巢能源、Wood Clean Energy和Yuasa)聚集在一起，以解决如此复杂的问题并提供集成的研究和创新解决方案。通过该计划，该团队的目标是：(1)通过调查当前影响完全独立于电网、由可再生能源供电的OVES电动汽车充电站发展的障碍和驱动因素，了解问题背景。(2)通过储能技术(包括不同的电池技术和超级电容器)的新颖组合，设计、开发和试验可行、低成本和得到社会认可的解决方案。(3)构建优化的Oves概念(即发烧)的两个功能演示，以验证和验证其作为电动汽车充电解决方案的实际性能，并探索利用该技术支持更广泛的本地家庭用电需求的机会。(4)调查影响社会对发烧概念的认可的关键因素，以及可能影响技术商业成功的关键群体和个人(例如政策制定者和公众)中的具体示范者。

Transition to low-carbon is one of the key goals for this century to ensure the effects of man-made climate change are limited, and perhaps, mitigated. Through the electrification of transport, polluting fossil fuels and the harmful emissions generated by their consumption can be significantly reduced. The E-transport paradigm is challenging due to the introduction of large energy demands on the electricity supply grid, requirement for the installation of a national charging infrastructure, limited battery capacity leading to range anxiety, uncertainties around cost and user experience, including the expectation that vehicle fuels can be replenished within just a few minutes, to name but a few. These issues span the whole of society and have wide reaching implications: if the Electric Vehicle (EV) experience is not "satisfactory" then consumers will be reluctant to make the switch.To address this challenge, an EV charging solution that can deliver fully grid-independent, renewably powered charging is required. This solution should stand to: (i) facilitate the deployment of new renewable generating capacity for the purposes of EV charging; and (ii) overcome existing national grid capacity constraints for growth in the EV charging-load. Such a solution could also underpin the creation of localised smart grids, that can flexibly support energy demand in communities under-served by the current infrastructure, further alleviating pressure on the existing electricity grid. Through the "FEVER concept" devised in this programme grant, the investigators will design, develop and demonstrate such an EV charging solution. FEVER will use renewable generation, within an innovative off-vehicle energy storage (OVES) system, to offer a secure, year-round, grid-independent charging for EVs. Moving beyond the state-of-the-art technologies a cost-effective and socially-acceptable 'hybrid' OVES will be developed, that is suitable for both urban and rural deployment and use.This interdisciplinary project unites a diverse team of academic scientists and engineers (mechanical, electronics and electrical, computer science) and social scientists (psychology, economics and management) across three research-led UK universities: Southampton, Sheffield and Surrey. The expertise embodied by this team reflects the fact that it is a combination of technological viability, financial cost and social acceptance (including socio-political, market/end-user, and community acceptance) that typically determines the operational and commercial success of a given innovation. Only utilising a platform like the programme grant scheme, can this wide range of expertise and backgrounds be brought together with key industrial partners from the sector (including Shell, Cenex, Siemens, Hive Energy, Wood Clean Energy and Yuasa) to address such a complex problem and provide an integrated research and innovation solution.Through the programme, the team aims to: (1) Understanding the problem context by investigating the current barriers and drivers affecting the development of fully grid-independent, renewables powered OVES based EV charging stations. (2) Design, develop and trial viable, low-cost, and socially-endorsed solutions to this problem via the novel combination of energy storage technologies (including different battery technologies, and supercapacitors).(3) Construct two functioning demonstrations of an optimised OVES concept (i.e. FEVER), to verify and validate its real-world performance as an EV charging solution, and to explore opportunities to use the technology to support wider local demand for electricity from homes, industry and business (via the creation of local 'smart-grids').(4) Investigate key factors affecting social approval of the FEVER concept and specific demonstrators among key groups and individuals likely to affect the commercial success of the technology (e.g. policy makers, the public).