TrustVote: Dispute-resolution mechanisms and systems for Private and Verifiable Voting

在维持选举完整性和增加选民信心的同时，进行选举是一项挑战。最近的例子表明，传统和在线投票系统都不足以实现这一目标，例如2022年尼日利亚选举（例如，投票开始晚，投票篡改的指控，以及投票设备的技术问题），2020年美国总统选举（例如，未经证实的指控和选民对投票设备腐败的不信任以及对选举诚信的怀疑），2019年莫斯科选举（例如，加密问题）和2011-2013年挪威选举（例如，2020年，欧盟委员会通过法律实现民主在其CDL-AD（2020）025-e报告中强调，解决争议是成功选举的基本要求。他们的重点是概述投票站出现的争端类型和处理投诉的法律的机制。2022年英国保守党领导人选举（使用在线投票）和英国下议院的分歧提出了以前没有解决的有趣挑战。该项目将通过正式确定争议，争议证据的类型和时间，并引入定义来准确模拟这些争议及其背景，为现实世界的争议解决奠定基础。此外，它将提出新的争端解决机制，以彻底解决或减轻这些争端。对争议解决的研究一直很不发达，因为很少有投票协议是已知的或被认为是满足争议解决。该项目将加强现有的学术协议（例如，Helios、Belenios、Selene、JCJ/Civitas）和真实世界系统（例如，选举卫队，瑞士邮政投票），以满足争端解决。为了确保我们分析的可信度，我们将在适当的情况下为新机制和更新的协议和系统提供机器检查的证明保证。

Running elections is challenging while maintaining election integrity and increased voter confidence. Recent examples have shown that both traditional and online voting systems are not sufficient resilient to achieve this, e.g. 2022 Nigeria election (e.g., voting starting late, accusations of vote tampering, and technical issues with the voting devices), 2020 US presidential election (e.g., unsubstantiated claims and voter mistrust over voting device corruption and doubts over election integrity), 2019 Moscow election (e.g., cryptographic issues), and 2011-2013 Norway elections (e.g., software inaccuracies, voters voting twice - online and in-person).In 2020 the European Commission for democracy through law has highlighted in their CDL-AD(2020)025-e report that dispute-resolution is an essential requirement for successful elections. Their focus has been on providing an overview of the types of disputes that appear in polling stations and the legal mechanisms to handle complaints. The 2022 UK Tory leadership election (that used online voting) and the UK House of Commons divisions raise interesting challenges that have not been previously addressed. This project will build the foundations for real-world dispute-resolution in voting by formalizing disputes, types and timing of dispute evidence, and introducing definitions to accurately model those disputes and their context. Moreover, it will propose novel dispute-resolution mechanisms to completely solve or mitigate those disputes. Research into dispute-resolution has been so underdeveloped, as there are few voting protocols that are known or believed to satisfy dispute-resolution. The project will enhance existing academic protocols (e.g., Helios, Belenios, Selene, JCJ/Civitas) and real-world systems (e.g., ElectionGuard, Swiss Postal Voting) to satisfy dispute-resolution. To ensure the confidence in our analysis, we'll provide where appropriate machine-checked proof guarantees for the novel mechanisms and updated protocols and systems.