QUANTITATION OF HIV-1 IN HIV-1 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）是人类免疫缺陷综合征的病原体， 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）及其相关疾病。HIV-1 已显示在体内感染多种细胞并在其中复制 包括CD 4 + T细胞、某些B细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞、朗格汉斯细胞 细胞和脑胶质细胞，以及一些病毒株已经被 使用各种培养技术从各种组织中分离。那里 大量的数据表明， 免疫抑制是HIV- 1相关疾病严重程度的主要决定因素 疾病此外，有人提出，病毒载量的水平是 与免疫恶化的阶段和进展有关。因此，在本发明中， 患者体内病毒载量的测量理论上可用于 预后评估然而，没有容易执行，可靠， 灵敏和特异的检测系统，以确定病毒载量在 现在的时间HIV-1相关抗原检测可能是可靠的， 特异性，但仍应考虑在发展阶段， 他们有限的敏感性。例如，HIV- 1抗原如p24 Gag 蛋白质在许多血清反应阳性的人的血液中通常检测不到， 通过常规放射免疫测定或酶- 免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。可检测的阳性率 在HIV-1抗体阳性患者中，循环p24抗原的范围为15 - 86 这取决于患者群体或所采用的方法。这些 结果和一项使用原位杂交的研究表明， 来自H1 V-1患者的105个外周血单核细胞（PBM） 感染在体内表达HIV-1信使RNA（mRNA）， HIV-1的表达水平很低， 病毒血症状态难以监测。如果病毒颗粒的水平 可以直接和定量地确定，这些技术可能 在评估中提供更多的、可能更准确的信息， HIV-1感染个体的病毒血症状态。此外，这种 方法也可以作为有用的临床标志物，以帮助确定 实验性抗逆转录病毒药物在临床早期阶段的活性 审判

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related disorders. HIV-1 has been shown to infect and replicate in a variety of cells in vivo including CD4+ T cells, certain B cells, monocytes/macrophages, Langerhans cells, and brain glial cells, and a number of virus strains have been isolated from various tissues using a variety of culture techniques. There are considerable amounts of data to suggest that viral load and immunosuppression are major determinants of the severity of HIV- 1 related diseases. Moreover, it has been suggested that the level of viral load is related to the stage and progression of immunological deterioration. Thus, the measurement of viral load in patients may theoretically be useful for prognostic assessment. There are, however, no easily performed, reliable, sensitive and specific assay systems to determine the viral load at the present time. HIV-1-related antigen tests may be reliable for their specificity, but should still be considered in the developmental phase due to their limited sensitivity. For example, HIV- 1 antigens such as p24 Gag protein are often undetectable in the blood of many seropositive individuals as assessed by the conventional radioimmunoassay or enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The positivity of detectable circulating p24 antigen ranges from 15 to 86% in HIV-1 antibody-positive individuals depending upon patient populations or methods employed. These findings and a study using in situ hybridization suggesting that only l in 105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from patients with H1V-1 infection expresses HIV-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in vivo at one point led to a notion that the level of HIV-1 expression is low and that the HIV-1 viremia status is difficult to monitor. If the levels of viral particles could be directly and quantitatively determined, such technologies might provide additional, and possibly more accurate information, in assessing the viremia status in HIV-l infected individuals. Furthermore, such methods might also serve as useful clinical markers to help determine the activity of experimental antiretroviral drugs in early phases of clinical trials.