PROBABILITIES OF DRUNKEN DRIVING AMONG DUIS AND PUBLIC

拟议的研究直接来自一个正在进行的项目，涉及- 大样本深度访谈，调查 醉酒驾驶在美国公众和被定罪的司机之间 酒后驾车（DUI）。 因此，拟议的 研究将集中在正在进行的项目的选定方面， 延续、解释、验证和扩展。 它会增加 其他正在进行的项目调查：酒后驾车行为和 青少年的态度，夜间驾驶人口， 夜间酒吧人口，特别是对酒精的高耐受性。 通过重点关注女性和老年饮酒司机 亚群，拟议的项目将大大扩展以前的研究 并开始填补了文献中的几个重要空白。 具体的目标集中在（按顺序）连续性，精确性， 验证和扩展： 1. 减少广泛的探索工具（健康调查 态度和实践（HAP）通过多元统计 分析，以获得一组最有效的区分项目 一般驾驶人群，首次DUI罪犯， 多名酒后驾车者 2. 测试缩短的HAP的预后能力，以区分 在酒后驾车者中（关于累犯的预测、治疗方案 遵守和完成，试用完成等）。 3. 前瞻性随访并重新访谈DUI和一般饮酒情况 人口答卷人评估主要文书的有效性， 关键变量 4. 评估饮酒模式之间的关系， 饮酒失控，以及受试者驾驶中的DUI活动 人口。 5. 跟踪DUI受访者的驾驶记录（DMV）4至10年， 确定随后的酒精和非酒精的程度和比率， 酒精交通违法行为 6. 分析档案记录（即，法庭治疗计划车管所 等等）。的DUI响应。 7. 招募并面试3个女性驾驶人群 (i.e.,一般驾驶人口，DUI罪犯在治疗 （一）有下列情形之一的，应当立即停止违法行为： 雌性模式，（B）雌性的不同可能类型 酒后驾驶者，（c）女性驾驶者中饮酒的原因 包括自我服药以减轻压力的人群，以及（d） 围绕醉酒女司机被捕的情况。 8. 招募并面试3名类似的老年驾驶员 与女性基本相同的目标 驾驶人口。 9. 评估自我报告信息的可靠性和有效性， (a)通过与DMV记录进行比较的驾驶违规，以及（B） 饮酒行为与酒吧的观察比较。 长期目标。 这项研究旨在增加几个 正在进行的有关酒后驾车的项目。 统称 拟议的研究和这些其他项目将使发展 女性酒后驾驶者，年长酒后驾驶者， 青少年酒后驾驶者，高容忍度驾驶者，选定的酗酒者 司机，以及几乎所有其他酒后驾车的部门， 人口 成功实现这些目标，以及 验证和预后的具体目标，应有助于：（1）早期 识别及区分有问题的酒后驾驶者 （2）了解性别和年龄差异 在酒后驾车者中，以及（3）制定定制的，有性别针对性的， 针对具体年龄的预防战略和方案。

The proposed research flows directly from an ongoing project involving in- depth interviews with large samples to investigate the probabilities of drunken driving among the U.S. public and among motorists convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). As such, the proposed research will focus on selected aspects of the ongoing project for continuation, prognostication, validation, and expansion. It will augment other ongoing projects investigating: drinking-and-driving behavior and attitudes among adolescents, the nocturnal driving population, and the nocturnal bar population, especially regarding high tolerance to alcohol. By concentrating heavily on both female and older drinking driver subpopulations, the proposed project will greatly expand previous research and begin to fill several important gaps in the literature. The specific aims focus (in order) on continuation, prognostication, validation, and expansion: 1. Reduce the extensive exploratory instrument (Survey of Health Attitudes and Practices (HAP) through multivariate statistical analyses to obtain a set of items which discriminates most effectively between the general driving population, first DUI offenders, and multiple DUI offenders. 2. Test the prognostic capability of the shortened HAP to differentiate among DUIs (regarding prediction of recidivism, treatment program compliance and completion, probation completion, etc.). 3. Follow-up prospectively and re-interview both DUI and general drinking population respondents to assess the validity of major instruments and key variables. 4. Evaluate the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption, loss of control drinking, and DUI activity in the subject driving populations. 5. Track the driver records (DMV) of DUI respondents for 4 to 10 years to determine the magnitude and the rate of subsequent alcohol and non- alcohol traffic offenses. 6. Analyze the archival records (i.e., court, treatment program, DMV, etc.) of DUI respondents. 7. Recruit and interview 3 segments of the female driving population (i.e., general driving population, DUI offenders in treatment programs, and bar customers) to identify: (a) the drinking-and-driving pattern of females, (b) different possible typologies of the female drinking driver, (c) reasons for drinking among the female driving population including self-medication for stress reduction, and (d) circumstances surrounding arrest of female drunken drivers. 8. Recruit and interview 3 similar segments of the older driving population for essentially the same objectives as with the female driving population. 9. Assess reliability and validity of self-reported information regarding (a) driving infractions by comparison with DMV records, and (b) drinking behavior by comparison with bar observations. Long-term objectives. The proposed research is designed to augment several ongoing projects concerned with drinking and driving. Together, the proposed research and these other projects will enable the development of statistical profiles for female drinking drivers, older drinking drivers, adolescent drinking drivers, high-tolerant drivers, selected alcoholic drivers, and almost all other segments of the drinking-and-driving population. Successful achievement of these objectives, as well as the validation and prognostic specific aims, should facilitate: (1) early identification and differential assessment of problematic drinking drivers for referral purposes, (2) understanding of gender and age differences among drinking drivers, and (3) developing customized, gender-specific and age-specific prevention strategies and programs.