MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES AND CELLS BY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS

复杂的大分子过程和正常的组织， 感染和转化的细胞使用病毒系统建模。 计算机被用来研究核酸和蛋白质序列， 包含这些系统运行所需的信息。 分析了艾滋病病毒和相关病毒的基因和蛋白质序列 通过计算机方法来找到它们之间的关系以及与其他已知的 和假想的蛋白质。 预测其RNA的二级结构 与病理和序列差异相关。 研究口蹄疫病毒和腺病毒的目的是 了解病毒复制的早期事件， 代谢被颠覆为病毒功能，以及在此期间的晚期事件， 组装和形态发生。 早期的病毒蛋白， 从生物化学研究中得知，已经通过比较它们的 已知功能的细胞蛋白质序列。 发展了蛋白质和核酸的计算机分析， 与生物化学、病毒学和生物医学技术相结合， 电子显微镜对微小核糖核酸病毒、腺病毒、人类 免疫缺陷病毒 揭示同源性的图形表示， 和反向互补性与数值方法相结合，以帮助 二级结构预测、剪接、启动子和重组 在核酸分子中。 计算机程序在当地开发， 适用于Cray XMP、VAX和图形工作站， 进行序列分析和结构预测。 方法来评估 使用蒙特卡罗模拟预测的意义，进化 比较和生化数据。 基因和蛋白质的作用是 通过与已知函数序列数据库的比较推导出， 结构

Complex macromolecular processes and the organization of normal, infected and transformed cells are modeled using viral systems. Computers are used to study nucleic acid and protein sequences that embody the information needed by these systems to function. Gene and protein sequences of HIV, and related viruses are analyzed by computer methods to find relationships among them and to other known and hypothetical proteins. Predicted secondary structures of their RNAs vary in correlation with pathological and sequence differences. Foot-and-mouth viruses and adenoviruses are studied with a goal to understanding early events in virus replication wherein the cell's metabolism is subverted to viral functions, and late events during which assembly and morphogenesis occurs. Early viral proteins, whose existence was known from biochemical studies, have been analyzed by comparing their sequences to cellular proteins of known function. Computer analysis of proteins and nucleic acids are developed and implemented in conjunction with techniques of biochemistry, virology, and electron microscopy on sequences of picornaviruses, adenoviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses. Graphic representations revealing homology, and reverse complementarity are coupled with numerical methods to aid the prediction of secondary structure, splicing, promoters, and recombination in nucleic acid molecules. Computer programs are developed locally and elsewhere for application on Cray XMP, VAX and graphic workstations to perform sequence analysis and structure predictions. Methods to assess the significance of predictions use Monte Carlo simulations, evolutionary comparisons and biochemical data. Roles for genes and proteins are deduced by comparison with databases of sequences of known function and structure.