RESTRAINT & ATTRIBUTIONS--RISK FACTORS IN ALCOHOL ABUSE

该提案包括三项研究，旨在评估 饮酒限制的作用（专注于控制 饮酒），归因风格（乐观与 悲观主义），在饮酒行为。 所有三项研究都是有组织的 在基于违反禁欲的概念框架内， 效果（AVE），由违反的反应沉淀 自愿承诺限制消费。 研究1采用多变量相关设计评估 两个乐观/悲观指标之间的关系， 饮酒归因方式，饮酒习惯，抑郁症， 人口统计变量（例如，性别、年龄）和受抚养人 饮酒限制的变量。 一个相关的目标是选择一个 用于受试者选择的乐观/悲观测量 在随后的研究中。 研究2采用2（高与低 X 2（乐观与悲观）析因设计评估 对违反自我限制饮酒的反应。 因变量包括行为反应（选择 继续饮酒）和消极的情感反应 （抑郁、焦虑、敌意和自尊）。 建模 酒精消费将被用来引发违反限制， 中度/重度饮酒的年轻人。 研究3采用相同的2 X2设计和受试者人群，以测试是否改变 饮酒行为的自我监控是一种机制， 违反限制。 受试者将参与口味评级 任务，一个强迫性的酒精消耗量的测量，之后， 感知与实际消耗和SIP频率将是 评估。 这项研究将提供有关影响的信息， 克制和乐观/悲观对自我的准确性， 监测，以及饮酒行为的模式。 本提案中概述的研究在概念上提供了一个 在方法上严格的评估饮酒 克制和归因风格，与从 适度/受控到过度/不受控的消费。 的 后一种消费模式使个人面临风险， 酗酒 这项研究的结果对 识别这些高风险个人，以及 制定预防和治疗战略， 改变饮酒节制和归因方式的水平。

This proposal includes three studies designed to assess aspects of the role of drinking restraint (preoccupation with controlling alcohol consumption), and attributional style (optimism vs. pessimism), in drinking behavior. All three studies are organized within a conceptual framework based on the abstinence violation effect (AVE), a reaction precipitated by the violation of the voluntary commitment to limit consumption. Study 1 employs a multivariate correlational design to assess relationships among two measures of optimism/pessimism, drinking attributional style, drinking practices, depression, and demographic variables (e.g., gender, age), and the dependent variable of drinking restraint. A related goal is to choose one of the measures of optimism/pessimism for use in subject selection in subsequent research. Study 2 employs a 2 (high vs. low restraint) X 2 (optimism vs. pessimism) factorial design to assess reactions to the violation of self-imposed drinking limits. Dependent variables include behavioral responses (the choice to continue consuming alcohol) and negative affective responses (depression, anxiety, hostility, and self-esteem). Modeling of alcohol consumption will be used to elicit the violation of limits in moderate/heavy drinking young men. Study 3 employs the same 2 X 2 design and subject population, to test whether changes in the self-monitoring of drinking behavior is a mechanism for the violation of limits. Subjects will participate in the taste-rating task, an obtrusive measure of alcohol consumption, after which perceived vs. actual consumption and sip frequency will be assessed. This study will provide information on the impact of restraint and optimism/pessimism on the accuracy of self- monitoring, as well as on patterns of drinking behavior. The research outlined in this proposal provides, a conceptually derived and methodologically rigorous, assessment of drinking restraint and attributional style, as related to the move from moderate/controlled to excessive/uncontrolled consumption. The latter consumption pattern placing the individual at risk for alcohol abuse. The results of this research has implications for the identification of such high risk individuals, as well as for the development of prevention and treatment strategies related to changing levels of drinking restraint and attributional style.