Designing inclusive environments: shaping transitions from theory into practice

尽管在创造社会和立法改革以满足残疾人的需求方面取得了进展，但由于设计糟糕的环境，包括产品、文物和日常用品，许多人仍然被剥夺了进入不同地方的基本权利。许多服务提供者的态度和做法更是雪上加霜，他们很少意识到身体受损的复杂性，或者预测并承认人们在整个生命过程中身体表现的变化。从以标准化设计和缺乏使用灵活性为特征的新住房的生产，到很少有可互换部件的椅子和桌子，环境的设计及其管理，给政策制定者带来了巨大的挑战，他们试图为就地老龄化和将设计与有形性能的变化交织在一起创造基础。包容性环境的设计，即促进独立生活以及公平获得和使用产品、商品和服务的场所，是大多数政府的目标，这些政府越来越认同通用设计的理念。虽然普遍定期审议具有直观的吸引力，并迅速扩大到全球，甚至是图腾地位，但很少或根本没有对其基本原则、其理论和概念内容或对其进行解释和付诸实践的方式的多样性进行评估。相反，大多数关于UD的文章倾向于接受它是一件好事，并将重点放在评估其技术可行性和操作结果上。重点是对UD的产品和过程进行描述和评估，并生成用户与其环境交互的证据基础，作为产品改进和开发的基础。虽然强调这一点很重要，但很少有人关注或严格审查UD的总体原则，以及如何理解这些原则，并随后将其付诸实践。这一系列研讨会试图描述和评估关于设计和实施的基本假设，这些假设塑造了UD的内容，重点是它对应该做什么来实现包容性环境以及如何实现它的预测。将特别强调对不同的社会制度关系和背景如何塑造UD、实践的后果以及随后设计的环境的用户体验的比较了解。研讨会将讨论不同的产品制造商和服务提供商能够在多大程度上响应UD的原则，在这样做的过程中面临哪些挑战，以及如何解决这些挑战和取得什么样的结果。它还将考虑UD人工制品的用户界面和使用问题。

Despite progress in creating social and legislative changes to respond to the needs of disabled people, many are still denied basic rights of access to different places due to poorly designed environments, including products, artefacts, and everyday objects. This is compounded by attitudes and practices of many service providers, which are rarely sensitised to the complexities of impaired bodies, or anticipate, and acknowledge, changes in people's bodily performances throughout the life course. From the production of new housing, characterised by standardised design features and lack of flexibility in use, to chairs and tables, that rarely feature interchangeable components, the design of environments, and their management, present formidable challenges to policy makers in seeking to create a basis for both ageing in place and intertwining design with changes in corporeal performance.The design of inclusive environments, or places that facilitate independent living and equity of access to, and use of, products, goods, and services, is an objective of most governments who, increasingly, subscribe to the ideals of universal design (UD). While UD has intuitive appeal, and has quickly gained global reach, even totemic status, there has been little or no evaluation of its underlying principles, its theoretical and conceptual content, or the diversity of ways in which it is interpreted and placed into practice. Rather, the preponderance of writings about UD tends to accept it as a good thing, and focus on evaluating its technical feasibility and operational outcomes. The focus is the description and evaluation of the products and processes of UD, and generating an evidence base of users' interactions with their environments as the basis for product enhancement and development. While this emphasis is important, there has been little attention or critical scrutiny of the overarching principles of UD, how these are understood, and, subsequently, placed into practice. This seminar series seeks to describe and evaluate the underlying assumptions about design and embodiment shaping the content of UD, focusing on its prognosis of what ought to be done to attain an inclusive environment and how to achieve it. There will be particular emphasis on comparative understanding, of how different socio-institutional relations and contexts shape UD, the consequences for practice, and subsequent user-experiences of the designed environment. The seminar will debate how far different product manufacturers and service providers are able to respond to the principles of UD, what the challenges are in doing so, and how they are addressed and with what outcomes. It will also consider issues of user interfaces with, and uses of, UD artefacts.