Collecting New Time Use Resources (CNTUR)

日常活动——开车上班、看电影、和孩子们玩耍——是社会生活的原子。在任何社会中，每个人的生命历程都由一系列这样的事件组成，部分事件在每日、每周、季节和每年的循环中重复。这些序列的特定元素积累成个人的传记特征：持续工作参与的历史增加了“人力资本”（预期的未来工资），经常去剧院或音乐会作为文化资本积累，等等。反过来，这些个体特征聚集起来形成关键的社会变量，如就业水平、文化参与率、家庭生产数量和自愿护理提供。与金钱不同，时间是休闲和无偿工作以及有偿工作的适当计算单位。所以事件序列的随机样本代表了所有社会活动所花费的时间。因此，时间使用日记调查（tads）从随机样本中收集活动序列，提供了一个更全面和一致的社会经济环境视图，而不是从传统经济统计中占主导地位的与金钱相关的现象中出现，或者从社会学家使用与工作相关的行为和家庭和休闲活动或参与文化和体育活动的脱节问卷测量中出现。tds具有不同寻常的广泛的当前或潜在的应用范围：*建立传统国民生产总值和非货币产出之间的关系*确定劳动力市场排斥对休闲、自愿和其他无偿工作的影响*确定短期旅行（在国家旅行调查中被低估）*测量（变化）国内劳动分工*估计社交程度。共同存在和护理活动*估计与医疗/公共卫生目标相关的个人身体活动水平*记录人们日常活动所暴露的环境风险或压力*主观幸福感和瞬时或“客观”效用的测量这里提出的资源收集和增强活动将大大有助于这些领域的历史和跨国比较研究。英国有大量涵盖1961-2001年期间的全规模tads的历史收集，但与大多数其他发达国家不同，英国没有最近的时间日记调查。2014年提出的新的大型英国时间日记调查，不仅更新了英国研究的顺序，而且符合标准的欧洲时间使用调查协议，可以与十几个其他最近的欧洲时间日记调查进行直接和详细的比较，也可以与更大的（20个国家，40年，60调查）跨国时间使用研究（MTUS）进行比较。它由时间利用研究中心（CTUR）维护，并将因这项建议而延长。该提案还包括：*开发一种新的基于日记的活动享受测量方法，以及改进的问卷测量方法，用于长期参与不频繁的活动（锻炼、体育、文化活动），并收集这些数据，既用于新的英国日记研究的实验子样本，也以简化的形式作为模块，作为8个欧洲国家互联网小组研究的一部分。*在实验样本中，将日记与加速度计随身相机和家用设备电能表相结合，以验证和校准活动测量与能源使用和能源需求的关联。*改善和扩大MTUS的历史和地理范围，并附加额外的校正措施。*改进CTUR网站上的文档和其他研究人员支持，并为时间使用数据收集和分析提供讲习班和其他培训材料。

Daily events - driving to work, cinema visits, playing with children - are the atoms of social life. The life-course of each individual in any society consists of a sequence of such events, partially reiterated over daily, weekly, seasonal and annual cycles. Specific elements of these sequences accumulate into individual biographical characteristics: a history of continuous job participation increases "human capital" (expected future wage), frequent visits to the theatre or concert call accumulate as cultural capital and so on. And in turn, these individual characteristics aggregate to form key societal variables such as employment levels, rates of cultural participation, quantities of household production and voluntary care provision. Time, unlike money, is an appropriate unit of account for leisure and unpaid work as well as paid. So random samples of event sequences represent all the time devoted to all of a society's activities. Time Use Diary Surveys (TUDSs), collecting activity sequences from random samples, therefore, provide a more comprehensive and consistent view of socio-economic circumstances than emerge, either from the money-related phenomena which predominate in conventional economic statistics, or from sociologists use of disjointed questionnaire measures of work-related behaviour and domestic and leisure practices or participation in cultural and sporting events.TUDSs have an unusually wide range of current or potential applications:* Establishing relationship between conventional National Product and non-monetary output* Identifying the impact of labour market exclusion on leisure, voluntary, other unpaid work * Identifying short duration trips (underestimated in the National Travel Survey)* Measuring (changes in) the domestic division of labour* Estimating extent of sociability, co-presence and care activities* Estimating personal physical activity levels in relation to medical/public health objectives * Registering exposure to environmental risk or strain from people's daily activity * Measurement of subjective well being and instantaneous or "objective" utilityThe resource collection and enhancement activities proposed here will contribute substantially to historical and cross-national comparative research in each of these areas. The UK has a substantial historical collection of full-scale TUDSs covering the period 1961-2001, but unlike most other developed countries, has no recent time diary survey. The new large UK time diary survey proposed here for 2014, not only updates the sequence of UK studies but, conforming to the standard Harmonized European Time Use Survey protocol, enables straightforward and detailed comparisons with more than a dozen other recent European time diary surveys, as well as comparisons with the much larger (20 country, 40 year, 60 survey) Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS), which is maintained by the Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) and will also be extended as a result of this proposal.The proposal also includes:* the development of a new diary-based measure of enjoyment of activities, together with improved questionnaire measures of longer-term rates of participation in infrequent activities (exercise, sports, cultural events), and collecting these, both for an experimental sub-sample of the new UK diary study, and, in simplified form, as a module to be fielded as part of internet panel studies in 8 European countries.* combining diaries with accelerometer body camera, and household equipment energy meters, in experimental samples, so as to validate and calibrate associations of activity measure with energy use and energy demand. * improving and extending the historical and geographical range of the MTUS, and attaching additional calibrated measures.* improving documentation and other researcher support on the CTUR website, and providing workshops and other training materials for time use data collection and analysis.