New Frontiers for Time Use Research (NFTUR)

我们做的每件事都需要时间。因此，在日常生活的各种活动中花费的时间，为总结一个社会的活动提供了一个全面而详尽的基础。然而，一般来说，人们并不知道自己在日常活动中花了多少时间（例如，读者会考虑，上周他们花了多少时间在工作、做家务或睡觉上。）为此，我们不得不采用一种特殊的研究方法。我们不是直接问一组问题“你在这个或那个活动上花了多少时间”，而是让人们按顺序列出他们做过的所有事情，并尽可能准确地回忆起每项连续活动的开始和结束时间，从昨天凌晨4点到今天凌晨4点。时间使用研究中心（CTUR）进行了一项实验，将这种“日常日记”与佩戴的相机记录（《支持案例》中描述的CAPTURE24项目）进行了比较，结果表明，尽管精确开始时间的不确定性引入了随机误差，但日记技术可以对各种各样的活动（有偿工作、家务、照顾孩子、旅行、媒体使用、社交和单独休闲）投入的时间进行总体估计。睡眠)，这与从摄像机记录中估计的总持续时间几乎相同。CTUR在收集和分析具有全国代表性的成人和儿童时间日记样本方面是世界领先的专家。它产生了高度原创的社会学、经济学和其他研究（例如在公共卫生、交通、环境可持续性等领域）及其时间使用分析的结果。它正在建立一个独特的历史数据库，其中包括英国自20世纪50年代以来每十年的调查，以及来自其他25个发达国家的调查（跨国时间使用研究- mtus），迄今为止，这些调查共包含了超过一百二十五万个日记日，时间日记调查对以下方面很重要：1最广泛意义上的经济活动测量。国家统计局使用时间日记研究来详细评价国民核算的劳动投入，也用于国民核算“扩展”，包括私人家庭的生存生产和无偿工作。日记研究揭示了与性别和家庭类型相关的工作时间使用差异，以及这些差异在整个生命过程中的变化“具体化资本”的形成过程。人们如何利用时间对技能的积累有影响，无论是在工作场所、在家里还是在休闲活动中。人们参与活动，学习技能，提高他们参与这些活动的能力，无论是在工作中（有效的参与提高了效率，在就业的背景下导致更高的工资或晋升，在无薪工作的背景下有更多的空闲时间），还是在休闲的背景下更多的享受（当个人成为一个更熟练的消费者）。这些活动（例如与有偿和无偿工作有关的活动）相对持续时间的差异导致了系统性的不平等，特别是性别工资差距公共卫生问题。人们现在认为，在确定人群健康状况方面，活动（体育锻炼、久坐行为、睡眠）在人群中的分布与营养一样重要。与基于问卷的活动模式估计相比，时间使用日记为这一领域的研究提供了更好的证据情感和幸福。适当的工作与生活平衡现在正成为幸福的关键决定因素。因此，生活满意度和人口幸福感研究现在将时间使用方法作为改进国民幸福感测量的关键资源。本提案旨在改进和扩展这四个领域所需的MTUS数据集，并开展新的数据收集方法的实验，并研究时间日志数据集的创新应用。

Everything we do, takes time. So time spent in the various activities of daily life, provides a comprehensive and exhaustive basis for summarising the activities of a society. Yet people in general do not know how much time they devote to their daily activities (readers consider, for example, how many hours spent in their job, or doing housework, or asleep, last week.) For this reason, we have to adopt a special research technique. Rather than asking a set of direct questions "how much time did you spend in this or that activity", we instead ask people to list, in sequence, all the things they have done, with, as precisely as they are able to recall, the start and end times of each successive activity, from 4am yesterday to 4am today. The Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) has experimented by comparing "day-diaries" of this sort with worn camera records (The CAPTURE24 project described in the Case for Support) and has demonstrated that, though uncertainty about precise start times introduces a random error, the diary technique produces overall estimates of time devoted to the various broad classes of activity (paid work, household chores, childcare, travel, media use, social and solitary leisure, sleep) which are virtually identical to the total durations estimated from the camera records. The CTUR is the world-leading specialist in collecting and analysing nationally representative samples of time diaries, from both adults and children. It produces highly original sociological, economic, and other research (for example in the fields of public health, transport, environmental sustainability) with the results of its time use analysis. It is building up a unique, historical database, with UK surveys from every decade since the 1950s, and from 25 other countries from across the developed world (the Multinational Time Use Study-MTUS) comprising a total of more than a million-and-a-quarter diary-days so farTime diary surveys are important for:1 The measurement of economic activity in the broadest sense. National statistical offices use time diary studies for both detailed evaluations of labour inputs to National Accounts, and also for National Accounts "Extensions" covering subsistence production and unpaid work in private households. The diary studies reveal gender- and household-type-related differences in work time use, and changes in these through the life-course.2 Processes of formation of "embodied capital". How people spend their time has consequences for the accumulation of skills, in the workplace, in work at home, and in leisure pursuits. People engaging in activities, learn skills that improve their ability to participate in those activities, whether in work (where effective participation increases efficiency, leading to higher pay or promotion in the context of employment, more free time in an unpaid work context)-or to more enjoyment (as the individual becomes a more skilled consumer) in a leisure context. Differences in the relative durations in these activities-eg related to paid vs unpaid work-lead to systematic inequality, particularly to gender wage gaps.3 Public health issues. The distribution of activity (physical exercise, sedentary behaviour, sleep) across populations is now seen as quite as important as nutrition in the determination of populations' health status. Time-use diaries provide better evidence for research in this area than questionnaire-based estimates of activity patterns.4 Affect and wellbeing. An appropriate work-life balance is now emerging as a key determinant of wellbeing. So life-satisfaction and population happiness studies now take time-use methods as a key resource for improvement of the measurement of national well-being.This proposal intends to improve and extend the MTUS datasets required for these four fields, as well as undertaking experiments with new data collection methods, and investigating innovative applications of time-diary datasets,