New Frontiers for Time Use Research (NFTUR)

时间利用研究新前沿 (NFTUR)

• 批准号: ES/S010149/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Gershuny
• 金额: $ 102.58万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS010149%2F1
• 关键词: New; Frontiers; Time; Use; Research

Everything we do, takes time. So time spent in the various activities of daily life, provides a comprehensive and exhaustive basis for summarising the activities of a society. Yet people in general do not know how much time they devote to their daily activities (readers consider, for example, how many hours spent in their job, or doing housework, or asleep, last week.) For this reason, we have to adopt a special research technique. Rather than asking a set of direct questions "how much time did you spend in this or that activity", we instead ask people to list, in sequence, all the things they have done, with, as precisely as they are able to recall, the start and end times of each successive activity, from 4am yesterday to 4am today. The Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) has experimented by comparing "day-diaries" of this sort with worn camera records (The CAPTURE24 project described in the Case for Support) and has demonstrated that, though uncertainty about precise start times introduces a random error, the diary technique produces overall estimates of time devoted to the various broad classes of activity (paid work, household chores, childcare, travel, media use, social and solitary leisure, sleep) which are virtually identical to the total durations estimated from the camera records. The CTUR is the world-leading specialist in collecting and analysing nationally representative samples of time diaries, from both adults and children. It produces highly original sociological, economic, and other research (for example in the fields of public health, transport, environmental sustainability) with the results of its time use analysis. It is building up a unique, historical database, with UK surveys from every decade since the 1950s, and from 25 other countries from across the developed world (the Multinational Time Use Study-MTUS) comprising a total of more than a million-and-a-quarter diary-days so farTime diary surveys are important for:1 The measurement of economic activity in the broadest sense. National statistical offices use time diary studies for both detailed evaluations of labour inputs to National Accounts, and also for National Accounts "Extensions" covering subsistence production and unpaid work in private households. The diary studies reveal gender- and household-type-related differences in work time use, and changes in these through the life-course.2 Processes of formation of "embodied capital". How people spend their time has consequences for the accumulation of skills, in the workplace, in work at home, and in leisure pursuits. People engaging in activities, learn skills that improve their ability to participate in those activities, whether in work (where effective participation increases efficiency, leading to higher pay or promotion in the context of employment, more free time in an unpaid work context)-or to more enjoyment (as the individual becomes a more skilled consumer) in a leisure context. Differences in the relative durations in these activities-eg related to paid vs unpaid work-lead to systematic inequality, particularly to gender wage gaps.3 Public health issues. The distribution of activity (physical exercise, sedentary behaviour, sleep) across populations is now seen as quite as important as nutrition in the determination of populations' health status. Time-use diaries provide better evidence for research in this area than questionnaire-based estimates of activity patterns.4 Affect and wellbeing. An appropriate work-life balance is now emerging as a key determinant of wellbeing. So life-satisfaction and population happiness studies now take time-use methods as a key resource for improvement of the measurement of national well-being.This proposal intends to improve and extend the MTUS datasets required for these four fields, as well as undertaking experiments with new data collection methods, and investigating innovative applications of time-diary datasets,

我们做的每一件事都需要时间。因此，在日常生活的各种活动中花费的时间，为总结一个社会的活动提供了一个全面和详尽的基础。然而，人们通常不知道自己在日常活动中花了多少时间(比如，读者想一想，上周他们花在工作、做家务或睡觉上的时间有多少)。为此，我们不得不采用一种特殊的研究方法。我们不会问一组直接的问题“你在这项或那项活动上花了多少时间”，而是要求人们按顺序列出他们做过的所有事情，并尽可能准确地列出从昨天凌晨4点到今天凌晨4点每一项连续活动的开始和结束时间。时间使用研究中心(CTUR)通过将这种“白天日记”与磨损的相机记录(CAPTURE24项目在支持案例中描述)进行了比较，并证明，尽管准确开始时间的不确定性会带来随机误差，但日记技术会产生用于各种广泛活动(有偿工作、家务、育儿、旅行、媒体使用、社交和独处休闲、睡眠)的时间的总体估计，实际上与根据相机记录估计的总持续时间相同。CTUR在收集和分析具有全国代表性的成人和儿童时间日记样本方面是世界领先的专家。它产生了极具原创性的社会学、经济学和其他研究(例如，在公共卫生、交通运输、环境可持续发展领域)，以及其时间使用分析的结果。它正在建立一个独特的历史数据库，其中包括英国自上世纪50年代以来每十年进行的一次调查，以及来自发达国家的其他25个国家的调查(多国时间使用研究-MTUS)，其中包括总共超过100万又25个季度的日记-到目前为止，时间日记调查对于以下方面很重要：1从最广泛的意义上衡量经济活动。国家统计局利用时间日记研究，对国民账户的劳动力投入进行详细评估，并对涵盖私人家庭自给自足生产和无偿工作的国民账户“延伸”进行评估。日记研究揭示了性别和家庭类型在工作时间使用上的差异，以及这些差异在生活过程中的变化2“具体化资本”的形成过程。人们如何利用他们的时间会对工作场所、家庭工作和休闲活动中的技能积累产生影响。从事活动的人，无论是在工作中(在工作中，有效的参与提高效率，在就业情况下导致更高的工资或晋升，在无偿工作中有更多自由时间)，还是在休闲情况下获得更多享受(随着个人成为更有技能的消费者)，都可以学习提高参加这些活动的能力的技能。这些活动的相对持续时间的差异--例如与有偿工作和无偿工作有关--导致了系统性的不平等，特别是两性工资差距。现在，在确定人口健康状况时，人们认为活动(体育锻炼、久坐行为、睡眠)在人群中的分布与营养一样重要。与基于问卷的活动模式估计相比，时间使用日记为这一领域的研究提供了更好的证据。适当的工作和生活平衡现在正在成为幸福的一个关键决定因素。因此，生活满意度和人口幸福感研究现在将时间使用方法作为改进国民幸福感测量的关键资源。本提案旨在改进和扩展这四个领域所需的MTUS数据集，并进行新的数据收集方法的实验，并调查时间日记数据集的创新应用，

项目成果

- Forthcoming Publication - What we really do all day: Insights from the Centre for Time Use Research

- 即将出版的出版物 - 我们整天真正做的事情：来自时间利用研究中心的见解

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gershuny J

TESTING SELF-REPORT TIME-USE DIARIES AGAINST OBJECTIVE INSTRUMENTS IN REAL TIME

• DOI: 10.1177/0081175019884591
• 发表时间: 2020-01-01
• 期刊: SOCIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY, VOL 50
• 作者: Gershuny, Jonathan;Harms, Teresa;Foster, Charlie
• 通讯作者: Foster, Charlie

The Social Structure of Time: Emerging Trends and New Directions

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022416
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY, VOL 45
• 作者: Cornwell, Benjamin;Gershuny, Jonathan;Sullivan, Oriel
• 通讯作者: Sullivan, Oriel

What We Really Do All Day: Insights From The Centre for Time Use Research

我们一整天真正做的事情：来自时间利用研究中心的见解

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gershuny, J.

A new perspective from time use research on the effects of social restrictions on COVID-19 behavioral infection risk.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245551
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Gershuny J;Sullivan O;Sevilla A;Vega-Rapun M;Foliano F;Lamote de Grignon J;Harms T;Walthery P
• 通讯作者: Walthery P