Time-Use Resources for National Statistics (TURNS)

时间使用日记（TUD）调查收集了人们在一整天中所做事情的详细、连续的记录。他们要求受访者列出一整天中每个连续的事件，描述主要活动，任何其他同时发生的活动，地点，其他人的存在，以及其他特征，如日记作者是否使用智能手机/电脑。因此，在一年中的不同日子、不同人群中随机选择的日记作者样本，提供了具有全国代表性的量化证据，说明整个社会是如何度过时间的。时间利用研究中心（CTUR）在设计、收集和分析这些材料方面具有国际领先地位。TUD数据提供了有关经济活动、人口生活方式、福利和福祉的重要信息：它们不仅可以估计有偿工作的范围，还可以估计家庭和社区团体中不包括在国民生产总值（例如GNP）传统衡量标准中的各种无偿和志愿工作的范围。2. 许多TUD调查还包括对日记作者如何享受每项活动的测量，这越来越被认为是主观幸福感的直接衡量标准，以及对生活满意度和整体幸福感的调查项目。3. 它们提供了参与久坐活动、膳食和零食、体力消耗和睡眠的时间和频率的详细信息；对身心健康都有重要影响的行为。4. 它们提供了关于活动类型和持续时间的综合日常证据，并结合活动的空间位置和当时受访者与谁在一起，从而可以估计传染病的行为传播风险。5. 每一项日常活动也对能源需求和环境污染物的产生产生环境影响的“足迹”，这意味着具有全国代表性的日记研究是全球环境变化建模的重要输入。这项建议有两个要素，一个是方法上的，一个是实质性的。对于受访者来说，传统的“纸笔”调查相对繁重，他们需要输入（平均）18至20个（但通常更多）不同活动的日常序列的完整细节。在方法方面，对充分利用现代在线和智能手机技术的调查收集方法的需求正在发展。我们正在提出一项创新的数据收集实验计划，测试部署这些技术的各种调查仪器设计的有效性，并将它们与欧洲统计局组织的欧洲统一时间使用调查中仍在使用的传统仪器进行比较。我们正在与英国国家统计局积极合作，后者正在提供其自己的试点在线时间使用日记调查的数据，目的是为TUD数据收集的新计划做出贡献。收集具有全国代表性的发展指标为估计新的社会指标提供了很好的潜力。经济学家和其他人普遍认为，国民生产总值（GNP）是理解人口福祉的不完整基础，因为福祉实际上可能随着GNP的增长而下降，这可能是同时增加有偿或无偿工作时间的结果。我们将把收集到的数据与其他现有调查一起用于一项实质性研究方案，其重点是制定新的统计指标“仪表盘”，以补充国民生产总值。这些指标将包括：经济活动水平指标，包括无偿工作的价值；人口健康风险措施（与慢性病和传染病有关）；衡量主观和客观幸福感；测量日常活动对环境的影响；所有的数据都来自同一个TUD信息库

Time-use diary (TUD) surveys collect detailed, continuous accounts of what people do throughout complete days. They ask respondents to list each successive episode through an entire day, describing the main activity, any other simultaneous activity, location, and presence of other people, as well as other characteristics such as whether the diarist was using a smartphone/computer. Samples of diarists, randomly selected across populations and across the days of the year, therefore provide nationally representative quantitative evidence of how the entire society spends its time. The Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) has a leading international role in the design, collection and analysis of these materials. TUD data provide crucial information on economic activity, population lifestyles, welfare and wellbeing:1. They allow estimates of the extent not just of paid work but also of those sorts of unpaid and voluntary work, in households and community groups, that are not included in conventional measures of National Product (e.g. GNP). 2. Many TUD surveys also include measures of how diarists enjoy each activity, increasingly recognised as a direct measure of subjective wellbeing, and survey items on life satisfaction and overall happiness. 3. They provide detailed information about durations and rates of participation in sedentary activities, meals and snacking, physical exertion and sleep; behaviours which have important implications for both physical and psychological health. 4. They provide comprehensive daily evidence of the type and duration of activities, combined with their spatial location and who respondents were with at the time, permitting estimation of the behavioural transmission risk of infectious diseases. 5. Each daily activity also has a "footprint" of environmental impact on energy demand and the production of environmental pollutants, meaning that nationally representative diary studies are important inputs to modelling of global environmental change. This proposal has two elements, one methodological and one substantive. Traditional 'pen and paper' TUD surveys are relatively burdensome for respondents, who are required to enter full details of daily sequences of (on average) 18 to 20 (but often more) different activities. On the methodological side, there is a developing need for survey collection methods that take full advantage of modern online and smartphone technologies. We are proposing an innovative experimental programme of data collection, testing the efficacy of various survey instrument designs deploying these technologies, and comparing them with the traditional instruments that are still employed in the Harmonised European Time Use Survey organised by the European Statistical Agency. We are collaborating actively with the UK Office of National Statistics, which is contributing data from its own pilot online time use diary survey, with the aim of contributing to a new programme of TUD data collection. Collecting nationally representative TUDs provides a promising potential for the estimation of new social indicators. Gross National Product (GNP) is widely understood, among economists and others, as an incomplete basis for understanding population wellbeing, since wellbeing might, for example, actually decline as GNP grows, perhaps as a consequence of simultaneously increasing hours of paid or unpaid work. We will use the data we collect, alongside other existing surveys, in a programme of substantive research focusing on the development of a "dashboard" of new statistical indicators to complement GNP. These will include: indicators of levels of economic activity including the value of unpaid work; measures of population health risks (in relation to both chronic and infection disease); measures of subjective and objective wellbeing; and measures of the environmental impact of day-by-day activity; all estimated from the same TUD information base