Euro-China GE: Dynamics of Green Growth in European and Chinese Cities (DRAGON)

我们是由六家绿色经济领域的领先研究机构组成的国际财团。我们的目标是为欧盟和中国城市的绿色增长提供强有力的证据，并吸取经验教训，促进欧盟和中国城市向可持续发展的过渡。我们的团队从城市发展、环境经济学、经济-能源-环境模型、碳会计和技术转让政策分析等方面为该项目带来了强大的多学科专业知识。绿色增长意味着向环境保护和经济增长相辅相成的发展模式转变，而不是相互矛盾。城市创造了欧洲85%的GDP、80%的能源消耗和75%的碳排放，在这一过程中发挥着核心作用。欧洲城市正在努力实现绿色增长。他们正在调整当地法规，并提高公民意识。最近，欧盟启动了2020年欧洲战略，将可持续增长列为其优先事项之一，与智能和包容性增长并驾齐驱：“使我们的生产更具资源效率，同时提高我们的竞争力”。另一方面，由于气候变化的巨大规模和发展需要，中国将在应对气候变化的斗争中发挥关键作用。将中国城市转向绿色增长道路是这场斗争的关键部分。中国城市拥有46%的人口，贡献了中国75%的国民经济和近85%的二氧化碳排放。城市演变和减排之间的关系是中国绿色增长的关键。虽然关于绿色增长的辩论在国际上变得越来越突出，但在更多的地方层面上，人们仍然缺乏对如何实施绿色增长战略的理解。关键的挑战仍然存在：挑战1：中国城市在不同城市化和工业化阶段的排放趋势是什么？能源和温室气体(GHGs)排放清单通常是在国家一级建立的。但不存在这样的国际框架，要求测量城市排放，或为进行城市排放清单提供详细的方法学指导。建设市级排放清单。挑战2：是什么因素在推动城市的排放增长？排放驱动力的量化已经在国家一级得到了广泛的研究。很少有研究在城市层面发现这一点。了解推动排放增长的关键因素，可以针对更具体的问题来减少城市的排放。挑战3：城市绿色增长的来源是什么？我们如何支持绿色增长？绿色增长可以通过提高资源效率和经济生产率，支持技术创新，创造新的市场，增强企业对绿色增长的信心，增强经济稳定，开辟新的增长点。制度安排和经济激励是维持城市增长源泉的关键。将需要建立新的体制安排，以指导绿色增长战略的制定，并克服围绕经济和环境政策制定存在的体制惰性和孤岛。挑战4：如何利用干预措施将城市转变为绿色增长？城市是向绿色经济转型的中心。绿色增长已经在欧洲和中国的城市中展开。我们确定了可用于绿色增长的干预措施，并检查了这些干预措施的有效性。

We are an international consortium formed by six leading research institutes in the field of green economy. Our GOAL is to develop robust evidence on green growth in both EU and Chinese cities and to draw lessons to facilitate a transition towards sustainable development in EU and Chinese cities. Our team has brought strong and multi-disciplinary expertise into this project from aspects of urban development, environmental economics, economy-energy-environmental modelling, carbon accounting and policy analysis for technology transfers. Green growth means shifting to a development model where environmental protection and economic growth complement each other, rather than being contradictory. Generating 85% of Europe's GDP, 80% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions, cities have a central role to play in this process. European cities are striving for green growth. They are adapting local regulation and raising citizen awareness. Recently, the EU has launched the Europe 2020 strategy that sets out sustainable growth as one of its priorities, alongside smart and inclusive growth: 'making our production more resource efficient while boosting our competitiveness' . On the other hand, China will play a pivotal role in the fight against climate change given due to its immense size and need to develop. Shifting Chinese cities to a green growth path is a critical part of the fight. Chinese cities home 46% of the population and contribute 75% of the Chinese national economy and nearly 85% of CO2 emissions. The nexus between urban evolution and emission mitigation is the key in China's green growth. While the green-growth debate is becoming more prominent at the international level, understanding how to operationalise green-growth strategies is still lacking at more local levels. The key challenges remain: Challenge 1: What are the dynamics of emission trends in Chinese cities at different urbanisation and industrialisation stages? Energy and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission inventories are usually built at national level. But no such international framework exists requiring measurements of city emissions or providing detailed methodological guidance for conducting an urban emissions inventory. We will construct city level emission inventories. Challenge 2: What factors are driving emission growth in cities? Quantification of emission driving forces has been extensively studies at the national level. Few studies have found at the city level. Understanding the key factors in driving the emission growth, one can target the problem more specific to reduce emissions in cities. Challenge 3: What are the sources of green growth in cities and how can we support green growth? Green growth can open up new sources of growth through increasing resource efficiencies and economic productivities, supporting technology innovations, creation of new market, boosting business confidence in green growth and enhance economic stability. Institutional arrangements and economic incentives are the key to sustain the sources of growth in cities. New institutional arrangements will need to be established to guide the development of green growth strategies and to overcome the institutional inertia and silos that exist around economic and environmental policy making.Challenge 4: How to use interventions to transform cities to green growth? Cities are the centre of transitioning towards green economy. Green growth is already underway in both European and Chinese cities. We identify available interventions for green growth and examine the effectiveness of those interventions.