Integrated assessment of the emission-health-socioeconomics nexus and air pollution mitigation solutions and interventions in Beijing (INHANCE)

中国的快速工业化和城市化伴随着空气污染的大幅增加。考虑到与此相关的健康和社会经济问题，中国国务院理事会批准了一项1.75万亿元的投资计划：大气污染防治计划我们的项目INHANCE将：i）证明“计划”的社会经济效力，并向前推进，ii）提供基于证据的，有效的，中国特大城市北京的空气污染减缓的公平和综合干预和管理计划。通过其国际领先的研究团队的参与，INHANCE非常有能力实现这些目标，并有来自CRAES（中国污染防治法的主要起草者）的高级别参与（副首席科学家），我们已经准备好从我们的研究中实现最大的影响。INHANCE通过以下方式支持官方发展援助的优先事项：i）促进转型期中国的经济发展和福利作为其主要目标; ii）确保长期可持续地改善北京的空气质量（可转移到其他特大城市）; iii）培养技能和知识能力; iv）支持可持续发展的研究，从而提高福利和经济增长。联合王国在环境经济学、联合王国减少空气污染和空气质量与可再生能源相互作用等领域的贡献表明，联合王国的研究力量明确致力于实现官方发展援助的优先事项。作为一个“推动者”项目，INHANCE将促进整个计划的协同作用和机会，并通过INHANCE“冠军”（见案例）领导主题1-3的参与，并确保提供综合的基于科学的政策评估和设计。为了实现这些目标，执行委员会将与项目管理部门协商，将INHANCE的专业知识映射到主题1-3。将实施面向内部和外部的双向沟通机制，以促进跨学科环境。INHANCE将对中国当前的空气污染政策进行定量绩效评估，其中将对当前反空气污染措施的有效性进行“评分”（WP 2）。该评分将基于污染物清单、大气化学模型（PKU-V3 / WRF-Chem）、能源结构优化的排放和经济绩效以及对末端控制措施的评估。排放-健康（身体和精神）-社会经济-能源影响之间的联系是INHANCE研究议程（WP 3）的核心。为了调查这一关系，INHANCE将建立和评价接触、脆弱性、对健康的影响、对工业的影响和经济后果之间的互动关系。本WP将侧重于：空气质量和可再生能源的相互作用;低收入人群的空气污染暴露和健康影响;衡量空气污染引起的精神健康影响;污染足迹分析-与身心健康损失有关的直接和间接经济成本;以及与最终消费和贸易有关的健康负担估计。在其结论中，INHANCE将提出关于综合政策设计的建议，并对政策的成本效益进行评估。为实现这一目标，INHANCE将：比较和定性评估北京和其他城市之间的空气质量政策;与主题1-3和其他相关利益相关者合作，制定空气污染减排轨迹;进行政策绩效评估建模;利用技术经济清单对反污染措施进行微观成本效益分析;衡量健康和宏观经济成本和效益，以减轻空气污染，以及;将产生的证据转化为实际的减排途径。

China's rapid industrialisation and urbanisation has been accompanied by large increases in air pollution. In recognition of the health and socio-economic issues associated with this China's State Council authorized a 1.75 trillion Yuan investment package: the Air Pollution Prevention Plan (the Plan).Our project, INHANCE, will: i) evidence the socio-economic efficacy of "the Plan" and, moving forward, ii) deliver an evidence based, effective, equitable and integrated intervention and management plan for air pollution mitigation in the Chinese megacity, Beijing. Through the engagement of its internationally leading research team INHANCE is very well placed to achieve these goals and with high-level involvement (Deputy Chief Scientist) from CRAES, (major drafters of Pollution Prevention and Control Law in China), we are well-poised to realise maximum impact from our research. INHANCE embraces ODA priorities by: i) promoting the economic development and welfare of a transitional China as its main objective; ii) ensuring long-term sustainable improvements to air quality in Beijing (transferable to other megacites); iii) building capacity in skills and knowledge, and; iv) supporting sustained development of research that will result in welfare enhancement and economic growth. The UK contribution in areas of environmental economics, UK air pollution abatement and air-quality renewable energy interactions represent clear engagement of UK research strength to realise ODA priorities. As an 'enabler' project INHANCE will promote synergies and opportunities across the whole program and through the INHANCE 'Champions' (see Case) will lead the engagement with Themes 1-3, and ensure the delivery of integrated science-based policy evaluation and design.Central to the INHANCE approach is a strong commitment to across program communication (WP1). Toward these ends an Executive Committee, in consultation with the program administration, will map INHANCE expertise to Themes 1-3. Two-way internal- and external-facing communication mechanisms will be implemented to foster an interdisciplinary environment. INHANCE will deliver a quantitative performance assessment of China's current air pollution policies wherein the effectiveness of current anti-air pollution measures will be 'scored' (WP2). This scoring will be based upon pollutant inventories, atmospheric chemistry models (PKU-V3 / WRF-Chem), emission and economic performance of energy structure optimization, and, evaluation of end-of-pipe control measures. The nexus among emission-health (physical and mental)-socioeconomic-energy impacts is central to the INHANCE research agenda (WP3). In order to interrogate this nexus INHANCE will establish and evaluate interactive relationships among exposure, vulnerability, impact on health, implications for industry and economic consequences. This WP will focus upon: air quality and renewable energy interactions; air pollution exposure and health impacts for low income population groups; measuring air pollution induced mental health impact; pollution footprint analysis - direct and indirect economic costs associated with physical and mental health losses, and; an estimation of the health burden associated with final consumption and trade. In its conclusion, INHANCE will deliver recommendations regarding integrated policy design and deliver an assessment for policy cost-effectiveness. To achieve this INHANCE will: compare and qualitatively assess air quality policies between Beijing and other cities; engage with Themes 1-3 and other relevant stakeholders to prescribe air pollution abatement trajectories; undertake policy performance assessment modelling; utilise techno-economic inventories for anti-pollution measures to conduct micro cost-benefit analysis of new policies; measure health and macroeconomic costs and benefits in mitigating air pollution, and; transform evidence generated into practical emission alleviation pathways.