ANATOMY OF THE PRIMATE VISUAL SYSTEM

为了更好地理解视觉联想皮质在知觉中的作用 和记忆，我们已经检查了组成大脑皮层的功能区 并通过使用 神经解剖示踪技术与生理学相结合 记录神经活动。我们的结果表明，许多 单独的视觉区域位于纹状皮质(V1)之外 信息处理。这些地区被分成两个不同的区域 皮质通路，每个通路都有V1作为其初始输入的来源。一, 枕颞部通路，能够识别物体，而 另一种是枕顶叶通路，它调节对空间的欣赏。 物体之间的关系以及运动的视觉引导。 枕颞径路(V1、V2、V3、V4、Teo和 下颞叶皮质的TE)似乎被组织成一系列 层次结构，其中每个区域都处理颜色和形状。相反， 枕顶径(V1、MT和MT的投射)沿线的区域 顶叶皮质区域)处理刺激运动的方向。 因为这条通路的一个主要组成部分向前延伸到 颞上沟--视觉空间的神经机制 功能可能比之前想象的更广泛。来自Brain的数据 血流研究表明，在人类和猴子中，存在两种 不同的视觉处理路径，尽管可能存在跨物种 它们在解剖位置上的差异。

To better understand the role of visual association cortex in perception and memory, we have examined the functional areas that comprise this cortex in the macaque and explored their interconnections by the use of neuroanatomical tracing techniques in combination with physiological recording of neural activity. Our results indicate that a multiplicity of separate visual areas lie beyond the striate cortex (V1) in the stream of information processing. These areas are organized into two divergent cortical pathways, each having V1 as the source of its initial input. One, an occipitotemporal pathway, enables the recognition of objects, while the other, an occipitoparietal pathway, mediates the appreciation of spatial relationships among objects as well as the visual guidance of movement. The areas along the occipitotemporal pathway (V1, V2, V3, V4, and TEO and TE of the inferior temporal cortex) appear to be organized as a serial hierarchy, in which each area processes both color and form. By contrast, the areas along the occipitoparietal pathway (V1, MT, and MT's projection zones in parietal cortex) process the direction of stimulus motion. Because a major component of this pathway extends anteriorly within the superior temporal sulcus, the neural mechanisms underlying visuospatial function may be more extensive than previously thought. Data from cerebral blood flow studies indicate the existence in humans, as in monkeys, of two distinct visual processing pathways, although there may be cross-species differences in their anatomical locations.