Injecting instructions using intracortical microstimulation in association cortex

使用皮层内微刺激联合皮层注射指令

• 批准号: 9573909
• 负责人: MARC H SCHIEBER
• 金额: $ 49.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9573909
• 关键词: Affect; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Awareness; Axon; Biomimetics; Blindness; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Cerebral cortex; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cognitive; Complex; Dendrites; Development; Devices; Disease; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Esthesia; Feedback; Focal Brain Injuries; Frequencies; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Instruction; Learning; Medial; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Nervous system structure; Neuraxis; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peripheral Nervous System; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Role; Sensory; Site; Somatosensory Cortex; Speech; Spinal cord injury; Stroke; Testing; Training; Upper Extremity; Vision; Visual; Work; association cortex; base; brain computer interface; cingulate cortex; experience; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; functional restoration; grasp; lateral intraparietal area; microstimulation; neuronal cell body; neuroprosthesis; neurotransmission; sensor; sensory input; somatosensory; sound; success

Project Summary: Efforts to develop neuroprosthetic devices that restore function for patients who have lost vision, hearing, or somatic sensation typically aim to stimulate the sensory pathways of the nervous system in a manner that mimics their normal function closely. Yet the well-known cochlear implant for deaf patients has been successful even though the subject’s brain must adapt to the artificial stimulation, learning to interpret sounds and discriminate speech. Is biomimetic stimulation of sensory pathways the only way to provide neuroprosthetic inputs to the nervous system? In preliminary studies, we recently found that subjects could learn to interpret intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered through 1 of 4 different electrodes in the premotor cortex (PM) as instructions to perform 1 of 4 arbitrarily associated movements. Even though ICMS in PM is not thought to evoke sensory percepts, subjects learned to use PM-ICMS instructions at currents and frequencies too low to evoke any muscle contraction or movement. Moreover, after the assignment of electrodes to movements was shuffled randomly subjects relearned the task, indicating that low-amplitude ICMS did not simply bias the subjects to perform specific movements, but instead evoked percepts or other experiences that the subjects could distinguish and learned to interpret as instructions. Here we propose to investigate whether subjects can experience, distinguish and learn to interpret low- amplitude ICMS delivered through different single electrodes in other select areas of the frontal and parietal association cortex that receive sensory information only indirectly. In Aim 1 we will examine 5 frontal areas: the supplementary motor area, the frontal eye field, the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In Aim 2 we will examine 5 parietal areas: area 5, the medial intraparietal area (parietal reach region), the lateral intraparietal area, the anterior intraparietal area, and area 7a. In Aim 3 we will determine whether subjects can learn to interpret ICMS in these frontal and parietal areas not only as instructions, but alternatively as feedback. The results of this work will expand the territory available for delivering artificial inputs to the nervous system substantially. Neuroprosthetic devices then may be developed that use such inputs to help patients affected by a wide variety of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system including visual loss, sensory neuronopathies, stroke, and multiple sclerosis.

项目摘要： 开发神经假体设备的努力，以恢复视力失去视力的患者的功能， 听力或躯体感觉通常旨在刺激神经系统的感觉途径 密切模仿其正常功能的方式。然而，聋人患者的著名人工耳蜗植入物具有 即使受试者的大脑必须适应人造刺激，也成功地学会了解释 听起来和歧视语音。是对感觉途径的仿生刺激是提供的唯一方法 神经系统对神经系统的输入？ 在初步研究中，我们最近发现受试者可以学会解释心脏内部 微刺激（ICMS）通过前4个不同的电极中的1个在前马皮（PM）中传递 指令执行4个任意关联的运动中的1个。即使不认为PM中的ICM 引起感官感知，受试者学会了使用PM-ICMS指令，在电流和频率太低的频率下 唤起任何肌肉合同或运动。而且，在将电子分配到运动之后 随机释放的受试者释放了任务，表明低振幅ICMS不仅仅是偏见 受试者执行特定的运动，但唤起了受试者的感知或其他经验 可以区分并学会解释为指示。 在这里，我们建议研究受试者是否可以体验，区分和学会解释低 - 通过不同单电极在额叶和顶叶的其他选择区域中传递的放大器ICM 仅间接接收感官信息的关联皮层。在AIM 1中，我们将检查5个领域： 补充运动区域，前眼田，双层和腹侧前额叶皮层以及 背前扣带回皮质。在AIM 2中，我们将检查5个顶部区域：5区，媒体室内 区域（顶距离区域），侧向内区域，前室内区域和7a区域。在目标3中 我们将确定受试者是否可以学会在这些额叶和顶部地区解释ICM，而不仅仅是 说明，但作为反馈。这项工作的结果将扩大可用的领域 向神经系统提供人工输入。然后可以开发神经假体设备 使用这种输入来帮助患者受到各种疾病的影响 神经系统包括视觉丧失，感觉神经疾病，中风和多发性硬化症。