Injecting instructions using intracortical microstimulation in association cortex

使用皮层内微刺激联合皮层注射指令

• 批准号: 9760016
• 负责人: MARC H SCHIEBER
• 金额: $ 48.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9760016
• 关键词: Affect; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Awareness; Axon; Biomimetics; Blindness; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Cerebral cortex; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cognitive; Complex; Dendrites; Development; Devices; Disease; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Esthesia; Feedback; Focal Brain Injuries; Frequencies; Hearing; Instruction; Learning; Medial; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Nervous system structure; Neuraxis; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peripheral Nervous System; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Role; Sensory; Site; Somatosensory Cortex; Speech; Spinal cord injury; Stroke; Testing; Training; Upper Extremity; Vision; Visual; Work; association cortex; base; brain computer interface; cingulate cortex; deaf; experience; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; functional electrical stimulation; functional restoration; grasp; lateral intraparietal area; microstimulation; neuronal cell body; neuroprosthesis; neurotransmission; sensor; sensory input; somatosensory; sound; success

Project Summary: Efforts to develop neuroprosthetic devices that restore function for patients who have lost vision, hearing, or somatic sensation typically aim to stimulate the sensory pathways of the nervous system in a manner that mimics their normal function closely. Yet the well-known cochlear implant for deaf patients has been successful even though the subject’s brain must adapt to the artificial stimulation, learning to interpret sounds and discriminate speech. Is biomimetic stimulation of sensory pathways the only way to provide neuroprosthetic inputs to the nervous system? In preliminary studies, we recently found that subjects could learn to interpret intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered through 1 of 4 different electrodes in the premotor cortex (PM) as instructions to perform 1 of 4 arbitrarily associated movements. Even though ICMS in PM is not thought to evoke sensory percepts, subjects learned to use PM-ICMS instructions at currents and frequencies too low to evoke any muscle contraction or movement. Moreover, after the assignment of electrodes to movements was shuffled randomly subjects relearned the task, indicating that low-amplitude ICMS did not simply bias the subjects to perform specific movements, but instead evoked percepts or other experiences that the subjects could distinguish and learned to interpret as instructions. Here we propose to investigate whether subjects can experience, distinguish and learn to interpret low- amplitude ICMS delivered through different single electrodes in other select areas of the frontal and parietal association cortex that receive sensory information only indirectly. In Aim 1 we will examine 5 frontal areas: the supplementary motor area, the frontal eye field, the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In Aim 2 we will examine 5 parietal areas: area 5, the medial intraparietal area (parietal reach region), the lateral intraparietal area, the anterior intraparietal area, and area 7a. In Aim 3 we will determine whether subjects can learn to interpret ICMS in these frontal and parietal areas not only as instructions, but alternatively as feedback. The results of this work will expand the territory available for delivering artificial inputs to the nervous system substantially. Neuroprosthetic devices then may be developed that use such inputs to help patients affected by a wide variety of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system including visual loss, sensory neuronopathies, stroke, and multiple sclerosis.

项目概要： 努力开发神经假体装置，使失明患者恢复功能， 听觉或躯体感觉通常旨在刺激神经系统的感觉通路 密切模仿其正常功能的方式。然而，众所周知的聋哑人人工耳蜗植入物 尽管受试者的大脑必须适应人工刺激，学习解释，但仍取得了成功 声音和言语辨别。感觉通路的仿生刺激是提供 神经假体对神经系统的输入？ 在初步研究中，我们最近发现受试者可以学习解释皮质内 微刺激 (ICMS) 通过前运动皮层 (PM) 中 4 个不同电极之一传递 执行 4 个任意关联动作之一的指令。尽管 PM 中的 ICMS 不被认为 为了唤起感官知觉，受试者学会了使用 PM-ICMS 指令，电流和频率太低，无法 引起任何肌肉收缩或运动。此外，在将电极分配给运动之后 随机洗牌的受试者重新学习任务，表明低幅度 ICMS 并不简单地使受试者产生偏差 受试者执行特定的动作，而是唤起受试者的感知或其他体验 能够区分并学会解释指令。 在这里，我们建议调查受试者是否能够体验、区分和学习解释低 振幅 ICMS 通过额叶和顶叶其他选定区域的不同单电极传递 联合皮层仅间接接收感觉信息。在目标 1 中，我们将检查 5 个额叶区域： 辅助运动区、额叶眼区、背外侧和腹外侧前额皮质以及 背侧前扣带皮层。在目标 2 中，我们将检查 5 个顶叶区域：区域 5，内侧顶叶内区域 区域（顶叶到达区域）、外侧顶内区域、前顶内区域和区域 7a。目标 3 我们将确定受试者是否能够学会解释这些额叶和顶叶区域的 ICMS，而不仅仅是将其解释为 说明，但也可以作为反馈。这项工作的成果将扩大可用于的领域 大量向神经系统提供人工输入。然后可能会开发神经假体装置 使用此类投入来帮助患有多种中枢和外周疾病的患者 神经系统，包括视力丧失、感觉神经病、中风和多发性硬化症。