Gendered Experiences of Social Harm in Asylum: Exploring State Responses to Persecuted Women in Britain, Denmark and Sweden

主要调查员开展的研究证实，福利和心理社会支助方面的限制可能对冲突和迫害的妇女幸存者及其家庭、受抚养人和更广泛的社区产生长期的社会和情感影响。最近在欧洲申请庇护的人数激增，而且北方国家越来越需要采取持续行动，因此，难民妇女的福利成为该区域的一个主要关切问题。这项研究审查了在三个不同的政治经济案例研究中，即自由/新自由主义（英国）、自由主义（丹麦）和社会民主主义（瑞典），寻求庇护的妇女的社会条件和支持。它旨在调查这三个北方国家的国家和组织的反应，以a）从性别角度了解庇护制度中对社会有害的政策和做法，以及B）制定战略和建议，以便减轻这种情况，改善支持和分享知识。该项目将交叉的女权主义观点与社会危害框架结合起来，将解决在认识影响寻求庇护妇女的结构性政治决定的微观影响方面存在的差距。根据她在研究庇护方面的丰富经验，并利用与该领域的政府和非政府组织的联系，PI是开发研究证据的理想人选，以制定和宣传政策和建议，以应对和支持寻求庇护的妇女。自Hillyard和Tombs于2004年首次提出社会伤害观点以来，社会伤害在经验、方法和理论上仍然发展不足，特别是在理解妇女遭受伤害的经历方面。Pemberton（2015）通过在政治经济框架内对危害进行跨国定量分析来扩展这一视角，将自由主义和新自由主义国家确定为危害最明显的国家。然而，在调查和了解社会伤害的规模、性质和分布方面，尤其是在可能对妇女造成身体、心理、文化、经济和社会伤害的因素的性别影响方面，仍然存在重大差距。尽管彭伯顿的定量分析将社会危害研究进一步引入了社会科学的实证领域，但结构和政治决策的日常影响尚未得到探索。交叉的女权主义观点承认妇女生活中的多重身份可能意味着多重机会，因此可以及时和细致入微地审查和解决寻求庇护的妇女可能面临的一系列伤害。因此，本研究旨在：1。2.通过扩大根据经验产生的关于性别庇护政策造成的微观社会有害影响的数据，特别是关于身心伤害、自主伤害和关系伤害的数据，解决目前知识上的不足和差距;将寻求庇护的妇女的经历置于特定国家历史轨迹的背景下，并考虑三种庇护制度（英国、丹麦和瑞典）减轻或加剧身心、关系和自主伤害的方式;3.确定寻求庇护的妇女可以获得哪些形式的支持，并探讨如何将最佳做法和政策分类;4.为从事寻求庇护妇女工作的政府和非政府组织制定政策建议;5.为围绕这些问题的新颖、可持续和长期研究议程奠定基础，将采用三种方法：对政策和立法进行批判性分析;在每个国家与有关政府和非政府代表进行15-20次半结构化的从业人员访谈;与寻求庇护的妇女进行大约3-5次口述历史。

Research undertaken by the Principal Investigator has established that limitations in welfare and psychosocial support can have long term social and emotional implications for women survivors of conflict and persecution, as well as their families, dependents and communities more broadly. Recent upsurges in claims for asylum in Europe, and the increasing need for sustained action from Northern European states, thus places the wellbeing of refugee women as a central concern in this region. This study examines social conditions and support for women seeking asylum in three varying case study politico-economies, namely liberal/neoliberal (Britain), liberal (Denmark) and social democratic (Sweden). It aims to investigate state and organisational responses in these three Northern European states to a) understand socially harmful policy and practice in asylum systems from a gendered perspective and b) develop strategies and recommendations so that such conditions can be mitigated, support improved upon and knowledge shared. Drawing together an intersectional feminist perspective with a social harm framework, this project will address gaps in recognising the micro-level impacts of structural political decisions affecting women seeking asylum. Building on her extensive experience of researching asylum, and utilising connections with governmental and non-governmental organisations in this field, the PI is the ideal candidate to develop research evidence to shape and inform policy and recommendations for best practice in responding to, and supporting, women seeking asylum. Since Hillyard and Tombs first outlined a social harm perspective in 2004, social harm remains empirically, methodologically and theoretically under-developed, particularly in terms of understanding women's experiences of harm. Pemberton (2015) extends the perspective via cross-national quantitative analyses of harm within a politico-economic framework, identifying liberal and neoliberal states as those within which harm is most manifest. However, there remain significant gaps in investigating and understanding the scale, nature and distribution of social harm, not least in terms of the gendered impacts of factors which have can result in physical, psychological, cultural, economic and social harms against women. Although Pemberton's quantitative analysis has drawn social harm research further into the empirical sphere of social sciences, the everyday impacts of structural and political decisions have not yet been explored. An intersectional feminist perspective, which recognises that multiple identities in women's lives can mean multiple oppressions, allows for a timely and nuanced way of examining and addressing the continuum of harms that women seeking asylum can face. This research thus aims to:1. Address the current shortfalls and gaps in knowledge by expanding empirically generated data pertaining to the micro-level socially harmful impacts resulting from gendered asylum policy with specific reference to physical/mental harms, autonomy harms and relational harms;2. Situate the experiences of women seeking asylum in the context of nation-specific historical trajectories, and consider ways in which three asylum systems (Britain, Denmark and Sweden) alleviate or exacerbate physical/mental, relational and autonomy harms;3. Identify what forms of support are available to women seeking asylum, and address ways in which best practice and policy can be disaggregated;4. Develop policy recommendations for governmental and non-governmental organisations working with women seeking asylum;5. Create the basis for a novel, sustainable, and long term research agenda around such issues.Three methodologies will be employed: critical analysis of policies and legislation; 15-20 semi-structured practitioner interviews per country with relevant governmental and non-governmental representatives; approximately 3-5 oral histories with women seeking asylum.