NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MOOD DISORDERS

神经心理学测试显示，情感疾病患者 在涉及内隐记忆（启动）的测试中表现受损， Halstead类别测试和面部情绪表达的识别， 与未受损的言语情感识别任务相比。神经 这些缺陷的基质正在系统地探索各种 包括利用O15血液打击测试患者的计划 PET方法学研究。CAT扫描研究显示VBR增加 在患有与病程无关的情感障碍的患者中， 但与年龄、皮质醇分泌过多的指标呈正相关， 在霍尔斯特德分类测试中出现了减值。我们最近的MRI研究 表明情感性疾病患者的右颞叶面积减少 与对照组相比。额叶代谢减退的证据是 原发性情感障碍患者的PET扫描研究显示 以及与癫痫相关的抑郁症。颞顶骨 变化也是显而易见的。普鲁卡因激活研究显示 精神感觉症状的改变，伴随着一系列情感变化。 双相情感障碍患者似乎特别容易出现欣快反应， 焦虑反应的发生与快速激活的程度有关， 颞叶结构的脑电图。将继续进行预防性试验， 服用和停用卡马西平的患者以及服用和停用 没有恐慌症发作史

Neuropsychological testing has revealed that affectively ill patients have impaired performance on tests involving implicit memory (priming), the Halstead Category Test, and recognition of facial emotional expression in contrast with unimpaired verbal emotion recognition tasks. The neural substrates of these deficits are systematically being explored by a variety of techniques including plans for testing patients utilizing O15 blood blow studies with PET methodology. CAT scan studies have revealed increased VBR in patients with affective disorders unrelated to the course of illness, but positively related to age, measures of cortisol hypersecretion, and impairment on the Halstead Category Test. Our recent studies with MRI suggest decreased area of the right temporal lobe in affectively ill subjects compared with controls. Evidence of frontal hypometabolism is revealed on PET scan studies in patients with primary affective disorders as well as depression associated with epilepsy. Temporal and parietal alterations are also evident. Procaine-activation studies reveal marked alterations in psychosensory symptoms with a range of affective changes. Bipolar patients appear particularly prone to euphoric responses, while dysphoric responses occur in relationship to degree of fast activation in the EEG of temporal lobe structures. Procaine tests will be continued in patients on and off carbamazepine as well as in cocaine abusers with and without histories of panic attacks.