Sex work and hate crime: developing innovative research, policy & practice

这个奖学金建立在我的博士研究，第一次检查默西塞德郡警方采取的创新方法，将针对性工作者的犯罪视为仇恨犯罪（坎贝尔，2017）。这一做法导致犯罪举报大幅增加，对性工作者犯罪的起诉数量达到前所未有的水平，被内政部认定为良好做法的典范。我作为默西塞德郡一个性工作支持项目的协调员，参与了该方法的开发。该研究首次详细说明了针对性工作者的犯罪可以被理解为仇恨犯罪的概念和经验案例，并且将针对性工作者的犯罪视为仇恨犯罪可以为性工作者和更广泛的社会带来许多实际利益。它还强调指出，虽然仇恨犯罪的处理办法是进步的，但性工作者尚未充分融入仇恨犯罪的政策和做法，构成仇恨犯罪处理办法的要素有可能被侵蚀。迄今为止，我的研究所产生的多重政策影响得到了强调，因为它为国家警察局长理事会关于卖淫的指导和国家仇恨犯罪指导提供了信息，这些指导重申，部队可以将受害者群体纳入监测范围之外，默西塞德郡将性工作者纳入其中就是一个例子。研究结果为默西塞德郡支持性工作者犯罪受害者的成功申请提供了信息。默西塞德郡警察和犯罪专员办公室获得了资金，用于改善性工作者安全的“红伞项目”。除其他规定外，这包括重新设立一个专门的性工作独立性暴力顾问职位，该职位被研究确定为仇恨犯罪方法的一个关键要素。该研究的部分发现已在两本书的章节中发表（坎贝尔，2014 a & 2018），但这些对学术奖学金，政策和实践的重要发现尚未更广泛地发表。国际上对性工作和仇恨犯罪的研究也不发达。该奖学金的三个首要目标是：1。制作关于性工作和仇恨犯罪的最高质量的出版物，为具有政策相关性的原创学术奖学金和知识做出贡献。2.发展调查员的研究领导技能，包括作为主要调查员为一项研究开发研究补助金申请，该研究将探索性工作者仇恨犯罪经历的更广泛多样性，并扩大这一领域的经验和理论知识。3.使研究员能够与非学术利益相关者在地方和国家层面开展进一步的政策和实践影响工作，使研究能够直接支持默西塞德郡性工作仇恨犯罪政策的进一步发展（进一步将性工作者纳入仇恨犯罪程序/政策）和英国。我很适合开展这项工作，通过我作为性工作者支持服务的从业者和管理者的工作，我在全国和几个城市为性工作政策的发展做出了贡献。影响和参与是这个博士后项目的核心。作为该研究金的一部分，将开展的一些关键活动的例子如下：出版一本独家著作（第一个关于“性工作和仇恨犯罪"的全球性研究），与默西塞德郡警方合作，制定一项关于性工作和仇恨犯罪的多地点研究的研究提案，其中包括性产业的全部多样性，红伞项目和一个性工作者团体，以制定提高默西塞德郡性工作者对这种方法的认识的方法，并通过全国网络（包括与警察部队）分享关于仇恨犯罪方法的学习。

This fellowship builds on my PhD study, the first to examine the innovative approach adopted by Merseyside Police of treating crimes against sex workers as hate crime (Campbell, 2017). This approach led to significant increase in crime reporting and a unprecedented number of prosecutions for crimes against sex workers, it was identified as a model of good practice by the Home Office. I was involved in the development of the approach, as Coordinator of a sex work support project in Merseyside. The research was the first to detail the conceptual and empirical case that crimes against sex workers could be understood as hate crime, and that treating crimes against sex workers as hate crime can have many practical benefits for sex workers and wider society. It also highlighted that whilst the hate crime approach was progressive, sex workers had not been fully integrated into hate crime polices and practices, and elements that made up the hate crime approach were at risk of being eroded. The multiple policy impacts of my research to date are highlighted by it informing National Police Chiefs Council guidance on prostitution and national hate crime guidance, which reasserted that forces can include victim groups outside monitored strands, with Merseysides' inclusion of sex workers as an example. Findings from the research informed a successful application for funding to support sex worker victims of crime in Merseyside.Funding was awarded to the Office of Merseyside Police and Crime Commissioner for this initiative to improve the safety of sex workers 'the Red Umbrella Project'. This includes amongst other provisions the reintroduction of a specialist sex work Independent Sexual Violence Advisor post, identified by the research as a critical element of the hate crime approach. Selected findings from the research have been published in two book chapters (Campbell 2014a & 2018), but these significant findings for academic scholarship, policy and practice have not been published more widely. Also research on sex work and hate crime is underdeveloped internationally. The three overarching aims of this fellowship are; 1. To produce the highest quality publications on sex work and hate crime, contributing to original academic scholarship & knowledge which have policy relevance. 2. Develop the investigator's research leadership skills, including developing a research grant application as Principal Investigator for a study which will explore a wider diversity of sex workers' experiences of hate crime and expand empirical and theoretical knowledge in this area. 3.To enable the fellow to carry out further policy and practice impact work at local and national level with non-academic stakeholders, to enable the research to directly support the further development of hate crime policy on sex work in Merseyside (further integrating sex workers into hate crime procedures/polices) and in the UK.I am well placed to carry out this work, with a track record of contributing to the development of sex work policy nationally and in several cities via my work as a practitioner and manager within support services for sex workers. Impact and engagement is at the heart of this post doctoral project. Some examples of the key activities to be carried out as part of this fellowship are; production of a sole-authored book (the first globally on 'Sex work and hate crime), developing a research proposal for a multi sited study of sex work and hate crime which encompasses the full diversity of the sex industry, working with Merseyside Police, the Red Umbrella Project and a sex worker group to develop ways of raising awareness about the approach amongst sex workers in Merseyside and sharing learning through networks nationally about the hate crime approach (including with police forces).