Working hard; hardly working

2016年7月13日，新任首相特雷莎·梅在唐宁街的台阶上发表演讲时表示，她想让英国成为一个为所有人服务的国家。她承认，如果你来自一个普通的工薪阶层家庭，生活会比威斯敏斯特的许多人意识到的要艰难得多。她继续说，你有一份工作，但你并不总是有工作保障。你有自己的房子，但你担心支付抵押贷款。你可以勉强维持，但你担心生活成本和让孩子进入一所好学校。在她看来，控制移民是解决方案的一部分，但就业权利也是。我的研究项目是关于检查她议程的这两个维度。这项研究将涵盖一系列主题，包括过去、现在和未来。在未来，我想首先确定和探讨欧盟其他自由贸易协定中的劳工条款，并看看它们的执行机制。我还想研究一下其他与加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰达成的自由贸易协定，看看它们是如何处理劳工权利问题的。我想看看自然人和法人流动之间的联系，特别是这些协定如何处理被派往其他国家的工人(即被临时派往其他国家工作的工人，同时保持他们与母国的就业联系)。他们有什么劳动权利？根据社会保障法和税法，他们的地位是什么？泰勒审查和良好工作计划正确地相当重视执法。对权利执行计划的任何简化都将有利于欧盟移民和低收入的家政工人。英国没有劳动监察机构。取而代之的是四个机构：HSE、HMRC、就业局标准检查局以及帮派和虐待劳工管理局。然而，这些机构的联合工作是片面的，研究表明，过去有时是无效的。这种调查有三个方面。首先，在英国退欧当天在英国的欧盟移民将有权申请“定居”或“预先定居”身份。这个系统在实践中是如何运作的？这些人在多大程度上执行他们的就业权利？他们在多大程度上受到歧视，特别是在种族方面(在英国，种族包括国籍歧视)，他们在多大程度上受到种族薪酬差距的影响？其次，我想探讨将移民问题列入议程和媒体对种族歧视的影响--来自BME背景的工人的经历和提出的索赔数量。英国退欧是否增加了种族歧视的盛行，特别是增加了索赔的数量和种类？这是否影响了人们对非欧盟移民的看法，即使是那些来自BME背景的英国工人？第三，我想看看旧的自由流动制度的终结。具体地说，我想要检查一下，包括被安置的工人发生了什么。我想看看那些在过渡时期与大雅茅斯移民咨询中心(http://www.gyros.org.uk/).)合作的移民工人的经历他们目前遇到了哪些移民问题？向稳定状态的过渡对他们有什么影响？《退出协定》是否创造了新的行政法原则(如遵守推定和个案评估)，可在整个移民法制度中推广？评委们是如何让新系统发挥作用的？最后，我敏锐地意识到这项计划的公众参与因素，以及需要与导演和他的团队密切合作，这是我在过去三年里所做的。

In her speech on the steps of Downing Street on 13 July 2016, the new Prime Minister, Theresa May wanted to 'make Britain a country that works for everyone'. She recognised that if 'you're from an ordinary working class family, life is much harder than many people in Westminster realise'. She continued 'You have a job but you don't always have job security. You have your own home, but you worry about paying a mortgage. You can just about manage but you worry about the cost of living and getting your kids into a good school.' In her view, controlling immigration is one part of the answer but so are employment rights. My research project is about examining these two dimensions of her agenda. The research will span a number of topics looking at the past, the present and the future. The future I would first like to identify and explore labour clauses in the EU's other free trade agreements and to look as well at the mechanism of their enforcement. I would also like to examine other FTAs agreed with, for example, Canada, Australia and New Zealand to see how they manage the labour right issue. I would like to look at the interface between the movement of natural and legal persons and specifically how these agreements deal with posted workers (ie workers sent temporarily to do work in other States while retaining their employment connection with the home state). What labour rights do they have and what is their position under social security law and tax law?The presentThe Taylor review and the Good Work Plan rightly place considerable emphasis on enforcement. Any simplification of schemes for enforcing rights would help EU migrants and low paid domestic workers too. There is no labour inspectorate in the UK. Instead there are four agencies: HSE, HMRC, Employment Agency Standards Inspectorate, and the Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority. However, the combined work of these agencies is partial and, research suggests, at times ineffectiveThe pastThere are three strands of this enquiry. First, EU migrants in the UK on Brexit day will be entitled to apply for 'Settled' or 'Pre-settled' status. How is this system working in practice? To what extent are those individuals enforcing their employment rights? And to what extent are they experiencing discrimination, especially in terms of race (race, in the UK, includes nationality discrimination) and to what extent are they affected by the race pay gap? Secondly, I would like to explore the impact of putting immigration on the agenda and in the media, on race discrimination - both the experience of workers from a BME background and the number of claims brought. Has Brexit increased the prevalence of race discrimination and specifically, the number and kind of claims brought? Has it affected how non-EU migrants are viewed, even those British workers but from a BME background?Thirdly, I would like to look at the end of the old free movement regime. Specifically I should like to examineincluding what has happened to posted workers. I would like to look at the experience of those migrant workers in times of transition, working with a migrant advice centre in Great Yarmouth (http://www.gyros.org.uk/). What immigration problems are they experiencing at the moment? How is the transition to settled status affecting them? Does the Withdrawal Agreement create new principles of administrative law (such as a presumption of compliance and cases by case assessment) which may be rolled out across the immigration law regime? How are the judges making the new system work? Finally, I am acutely aware of the public engagement element of the project and the need to wrok closely with the director and his team which I have done over the last three years.