Emotional AI in Cities: Cross Cultural Lessons from UK and Japan on Designing for An Ethical Life

情境人工智能（EAI）技术感知、学习公民的情绪、情绪、注意力和意图，并与之互动。机器使用弱而窄而非强的人工智能，通过文本、图像、语音、计算机视觉和生物识别感应来阅读和反应情绪。与此同时，城市生活越来越多地以技术为媒介。数据驱动的传感器、执行器、机器人和无处不在的网络正在改变市民体验城市的方式，但并不总是朝着更好的方向发展。在新兴的智慧城市部署中，公民的需求和观点往往是辅助的，导致人们对新的市政基础设施及其管理（例如Alphabet的Sidewalk Labs）产生不信任。随着EAI在城市的推广，我们需要避免这些问题再次发生。正如最近对面部检测和识别技术的抵制所表明的那样，解读身体是一个越来越普遍的问题。EAI是它的延伸，随着它在未来十年变得正常化，我们关注这些系统如何管理，对公民的社会影响，以及如何以更合乎道德的方式设计EAI。在日本和英国，我们都处于一个关键时刻，在大规模采用EAI之前，这些社会、技术和治理结构可以适当地准备好，使各种各样的公民能够在城市作为平台的EAI中道德地和良好地生活。基于我们在东京（2019年）举行的ESRC/AHRC研讨会，考虑了跨文化伦理和EAI，我们的研究将使多方利益相关者（商业、安全、媒体）和公民主导的跨学科响应日本和英国的EAI。虽然这是两个在人工智能方面最先进的国家，但这些技术产生的社会背景和历史不同，为反思和相互学习提供了丰富的空间。评估在跨文化（英日）商业、安全和媒体背景下的城市中，道德地和良好地生活在EAI中意味着什么。2 .绘制和参与在英日发展和开展EAI的有影响力的行动者的生态。通过行业访谈、案例研究和专利分析，了解城市中EAI的商业活动、意图和伦理影响。通过对这些利益相关者的访谈和英日的案例研究，确定EAI如何影响安全/警务利益相关者和新媒体生态中的组织。研究收集和使用公共空间情感私密数据的治理方法，以了解这些方法如何指导EAI技术发展，并建立城市EAI最佳实践库。6. 通过定量的全国调查和定性的研讨会，了解不同公民对EAI的态度，共同设计公民主导的、创造性的愿景，说明在英日城市中，道德地和良好地生活在EAI中意味着什么。8. 将我们的见解提供给在英日城市中塑造EAI使用的利益相关者。通过：24篇国际会议论文，推动监控研究、新媒体研究、信息技术法、科学技术研究、安全与警务研究、计算机伦理和情感计算；EAI会议；12篇国际期刊论文；EAI特刊我们将：-提高英日利益相关者（科技行业、政策制定者、非政府组织、安全服务、城市规划者、媒体机构、公民）对如何在城市中以道德和良好的方式与EAI生活的认识，通过共同设计、公民主导、定性的愿景，提交给利益相关者政策研讨会；一份最终报告，明确在城市中道德使用EAI的标准；与持份者进行24次会谈；多则新闻报道。-成立智库，在项目期间和项目结束后，为不同的利益相关者提供公正的道德建议，包括EAI和跨文化问题。-促进英日学者、学科和利益相关者在EAI领域的合作。

CONTEXTEmotional AI (EAI) technologies sense, learn and interact with citizens' emotions, moods, attention and intentions. Using weak and narrow rather than strong AI, machines read and react to emotion via text, images, voice, computer vision and biometric sensing. Concurrently, life in cities is increasingly technologically mediated. Data-driven sensors, actuators, robots and pervasive networking are changing how citizens experience cities, but not always for the better. Citizen needs and perspectives are often ancillary in emerging smart city deployments, resulting in mistrust in new civic infrastructure and its management (e.g. Alphabet's Sidewalk Labs). We need to avoid these issues repeating as EAI is rolled out in cities. Reading the body is an increasingly prevalent concern, as recent pushback against facial detection and recognition technologies demonstrates. EAI is an extension of this, and as it becomes normalised across the next decade we are concerned about how these systems are governed, social impacts on citizens, and how EAI can be designed in a more ethical manner. In both Japan and UK, we are at a critical juncture where these social, technological and governance structures can be appropriately prepared before mass adoption of EAI, to enable citizens, in all their diversity, to live ethically and well with EAI in cities-as-platforms.Building on our ESRC/AHRC seminars in Tokyo (2019) that considered cross-cultural ethics and EAI, our research will enable a multi-stakeholder (commerce, security, media) and citizen-led interdisciplinary response to EAI for Japan and UK. While these are two of the most advanced nations in regard to AI, the social contexts and histories from which these technologies emerge differ, providing rich scope for reflection and mutual learning.AIMS/OBJECTIVES1. To assess what it means to live ethically and well with EAI in cities in cross-cultural (UK-Japan) commercial, security and media contexts.2. To map and engage with the ecology of influential actors developing and working with EAI in UK-Japan.3. To understand commercial activities, intentions and ethical implications regarding EAI in cities, via interviews with industry, case studies, and analysis of patents.4. To ascertain how EAI might impact security/policing stakeholders, and organisations in the new media ecology, via interviews with these stakeholders and case studies in UK-Japan.5. To examine governance approaches for collection and use of intimate data about emotions in public spaces to understand how these guide EAI technological developments, and to build a repository of best practice on EAI in cities. 6. To understand diverse citizens' attitudes to EAI via quantitative national surveys and qualitative workshops to co-design citizen-led, creative visions of what it means to live ethically and well with EAI in cities in UK-Japan. 8. To feed our insights to stakeholders shaping usage of EAI in cities in UK-Japan.9. To advance surveillance studies, new media studies, information technology law, science & technology studies, security & policing studies, computer ethics and affective computing via: 24 international conference papers; a conference on EAI; 12 international, refereed journal papers; a Special Issue on EAI.APPLICATIONS/BENEFITS We will: - Raise awareness of UK-Japanese stakeholders (technology industry, policymakers, NGOs, security services, urban planners, media outlets, citizens) on how to live ethically and well with EAI in cities, via co-designed, citizen-led, qualitative visions fed into Stakeholder Policy Workshops; a Final Report with clear criteria on ethical usage of EAI in cites; 24 talks with stakeholders; multiple news stories.- Set up a think tank to provide impartial ethical advice on EAI and cross-cultural issues to diverse stakeholders during and after the project.- Advance collaboration between UK-Japan academics, disciplines and stakeholders in EAI.