COHERE phase 2: Living systematic reviews and evidence and gap map on determinants of COVID-19 Health Related Behaviour

洗手、戴口罩和保持社交距离等健康保护行为有助于保护人们免受感染或传播COVID和其他类似的严重呼吸道感染。该项目旨在帮助我们更多地了解影响公众这些行为的因素。该项目是我们研究的第二阶段。在第一阶段，我们对已发表的研究进行了快速审查，这些研究着眼于在COVID期间或在以前爆发的类似严重呼吸道感染（例如SARS，MERS和H1N1（猪流感））期间影响这些保护行为的因素。我们很快将这些研究的结果放在一起，以了解是什么影响人们的健康保护行为。通过将来自不同研究的数据放在一起进行新的分析，即荟萃分析，我们也能够发现这些关系有多强。最后，我们评估了我们发现的研究的质量，这样我们就知道我们有多大的信心，我们所拥有的证据足以支持我们的结论。我们迅速完成了第一阶段，为有关COVID的紧急问题提供答案。快速工作意味着我们只有时间去寻找已发表的、经过同行评议的研究，而不是所有尚未在科学期刊上发表的研究。除此之外，自我们上次搜索研究以来，在过去九个月里，在COVID-19背景下进行的潜在相关研究数量大幅增加。在第二阶段，我们将重复这个过程，寻找和收集证据，但这一次我们有更多的时间和资源来更彻底地搜索。开始，我们将发布一个开放获取的“证据和差距图”，其中将包含我们已经发现的所有研究的信息（在第1阶段）。这将对任何人开放，让其他研究人员、政策制定者和资助研究的人看到我们已经知道的证据，以及我们知识的差距在哪里。下一步将是彻底搜索任何新的研究和任何未发表的工作，我们没有发现在第一阶段。然后，我们将检查我们发现的每一项研究，看看它是否能告诉我们为什么人们会采取或不采取有助于防止感染或传播COVID-19的行为。当我们发现新的相关研究时，我们会将其添加到我们的地图中。一旦我们收集了所有相关的研究，我们将提取有关每个研究的信息，例如谁参加了研究，如何测量感兴趣的行为，哪些因素与相关行为相关，以及每个因素与每个行为的相关程度。我们还将评估我们纳入的每项研究的质量。最后，我们将把所有相关的研究信息放在一起进行新的分析，然后对每一种感兴趣的行为（洗手、戴口罩、社交距离、身体距离、自我隔离或隔离、消毒表面）的证据进行单独的系统评价。我们将遵循开展此类研究的所有既定指南和最佳实践，例如科克伦和坎贝尔指南。我们项目的最后一部分将是更新我们的搜索，以捕捉任何新出现的证据，并将其整合到评论中。这就是所谓的“活的审查”，这些审查将至少在项目的生命周期（18个月）内保持活力。我们将致力于利用技术来找到尽可能高效的方法，以便我们的评论保持最新并可供使用。我们项目的主要目的是了解是什么决定了人们的积极健康保护行为。这反过来将有助于其他人开发更好的方法来支持人们保护自己和他人免受感染或传播COVID和其他类似的严重呼吸道病毒感染。

Health-protective behaviours, like washing your hands, wearing a facemask and social distancing, can help to protect people from contracting or transmitting COVID and other similar serious respiratory infections. This project aims to help us understand more about the factors that influence these behaviours in the general public. This project represents the second phase of our research. In phase one we conducted a rapid review of published studies that looked at the things that influenced uptake of these protective behaviours during COVID or during previous outbreaks of similar serious respiratory infections, for example SARS, MERS and H1N1 (swine flu). We quickly put the results of these studies together to understand what influences people's health protective behaviours. By putting the data from different studies together in a new analysis, a meta-analysis, we were also able to find out how strong these relationships are. Finally we assessed the quality of the studies we found so that we know how confident we can be that the evidence we have is good enough to support our conclusions. We completed the first phase quickly to provide answers to urgent questions about COVID. Working quickly meant that we only had time to look for published, peer-reviewed studies and not all the studies conducted that hadn't yet been published in scientific journals. As well as that, there has been a very large increase in the number of potentially relevant studies conducted in the context of COVID-19 over the last nine months, since we last searched for studies. In phase two, we are going to repeat this process of finding and putting evidence together but this time we have more time and resources to search more thoroughly. To begin with, we will publish an open access 'evidence and gap map' that will contain information on all of the studies we have already found (in phase 1). This will be open to anyone to use and allow other researchers, policy makers and those who fund research to see what evidence we already know about and where the gaps in our knowledge are. The next step will be to do a thorough search for any new studies and any unpublished work that we didn't find in phase 1. We will then check every study we find to see if it can tell us something about why people do, or do not, adopt the behaviours that help protect against getting or passing on COVID-19. When we find new relevant studies we will add them to our map. Once we have gathered up all of the relevant studies we will extract information about each study, such as who took part, how the behaviours of interest were measured, what factors related to relevant behaviours and any information on how strongly related each factor is to each behaviour. We will also assess the quality of each study we include. Finally, we will put all of the relevant information from the studies we find together in a new analysis and then publish a separate systematic review of the evidence on each behaviour of interest (washing hands, wearing masks, social distancing, physical distancing, self-isolation or quarantine, disinfecting surfaces). We will follow all of the established guidelines and best practices for conducting research of this kind, such as Cochrane and Campbell guidance. The last part of our project will be to update our searches to capture any new evidence as it emerges and integrate that into the reviews. This is called a 'living review' and the reviews will remain living for at least the life of the project (18 months). We will work on using technology to find ways to make this process as efficient as possible so that our reviews stays up to date and available to use. The main aim of our project is to understand what determines people's positive health protective behaviours. This in turn will help others to develop better ways to support people to protect themselves and others from contracting or passing on COVID and other similar serious respiratory viral infections.