Social, emotional & biological processes in emergent conduct disorders: Wirral Child Health & Development Study 1-4 yrs

这项研究旨在找出为什么一些儿童从小就出现行为问题，以及是什么因素导致他们坚持下去。如果这些困难得不到理解，家庭得不到知情的治疗干预，这些问题通常会在青春期和成年期发展为严重的攻击性或暴力。这些年轻人会出现额外的心理健康和人际关系问题，可能会在安全地养育自己的孩子方面遇到明显的困难。如果及早发现，一些童年行为可以通过支持父母使用最佳育儿策略来帮助。然而，一旦问题行为变得根深蒂固，就会变得更难改变。我们需要能够在生命早期识别和理解这些脆弱的儿童，这样慢性问题才能得到预防。孩子变得好斗有不同的原因，我们需要更多地了解这些原因。有些婴儿的脾气可能更容易引发愤怒的爆发，当遇到对他们或他们周围的愤怒行为时，他们可能会变得更愤怒。其他婴儿可能生来就不那么情绪化，长大后对他人的感受也会变得不那么情绪化。其他孩子在很小的时候就能感觉到情绪，如果他们随着时间的推移感到害怕，没有经历父母的安慰，他们可能会找到抑制情绪的方法。因此，在早期生活中不同的情绪反应方式可能会导致后来的攻击性。很多因素，包括孩子的基因组成，怀孕期间或早期的压力，以及父母？有没有能力回应他们的孩子？S的情绪可能会影响他们的发展。我们目前正在跟踪1286位第一次怀孕的母亲、伴侣和婴儿，直到婴儿？一岁生日。许多婴儿在发育过程中不会出现行为障碍，对他们进行研究也很重要。一个由300名母亲组成的小组报告了不同的压力水平，他们同意更详细地告诉我们她们的生活，让我们观察她们4周、6个月和12个月大时的孩子--S的情绪、母子关系、孩子？S的生理和解决问题的情况。我们现在的目标是跟踪父母和4岁以下的孩子，到那时，一些家庭将在他们生命中的10个时间点给我们详细的信息。研究的设计、评估的质量和频率将极大地提高我们对攻击性发展途径的理解，增加制定有针对性的干预措施的机会。

This study aims to find out why some children develop behaviour problems from an early age and what factors lead to them persisting. If these difficulties are not understood and families are not helped by informed therapeutic interventions, these problems commonly develop into serious aggression or violence during adolescence and adulthood. These young people develop additional mental health and relationship problems and may then have marked difficulties parenting their own children safely. If identified early, some childhood behaviour can be helped by supporting parents in using optimal parenting strategies. However, once problematic behaviour has become entrenched it can become harder to change. We need to be able identify and understand these vulnerable children early in their lives, so chronic problems can be prevented. Children become aggressive for different reasons and we need to know more about these. Some infants may be temperamentally more easily triggered into angry outbursts, and may become angrier in response to experiencing angry behaviour towards them or around them. Other babies may be born less emotional than average, and become less emotionally responsive to the feelings of other people as they grow up. Other children, able to feel emotions when very young, may find ways of dampening down their emotions if they are frightened over time and do not experience parental comfort. Thus different ways of responding emotionally during early life may lead to later aggression. Many factors including the genetic make-up of the child, stress during pregnancy or in early life, and parents? availability or ability to respond to their baby?s emotions probably affect how they develop. We are currently following1286 first time mothers, partners and babies during pregnancy until the babies? first birthdays. Many infants will develop without behavioural difficulties and it is important to study them too. A sub-group of 300 mothers reporting differing levels of stress have agreed to tell us about their lives in more detail, and let us observe their children?s emotions, mother-child relationships, their child?s physiology and problem solving at 4 weeks, and 6 and 12 months of age. We aim now to follow the parents and children up to 4 years of age by which time some families will have given us detailed information at 10 time points in their lives. The study design, quality and frequency of assessments will enormously improve our understanding of the developmental pathways to aggression, improving chances of developing targeted interventions.