FRONTAL LOBE AND CEREBRAL CONTROL OF ADAPTIVE SPATIAL-MOTOR BEHAVIOR

这个项目的长期目标是阐明神经机制 这是认知信息处理和 学习与空间运动行为相关的运动适应。 单个神经元活动的神经生理学记录将是 为了达到这个目标， 多关节，多方向的手臂达到运动期间， 完成延迟任务。生理学、解剖学和 行为研究表明，额叶是一个重要的 结构的产生（a）达到行为在超个人 空间，（B）适当的运动顺序，以及（c）利用 从记忆和感官系统中获得必要的信息， 动作这是一项行为神经生理学研究， 灵长类额叶的划分：初级运动皮层（M1）， 背侧运动前皮质（PMd）、腹侧运动前皮质（PMv）和 补充运动区（SMA）。两种涉及连环杀手的范式 空间信息的呈现被用来调查 每个皮质运动区的神经元活动与 对必要的视觉空间信息的处理。在 第一，准备先前学习的或新的运动序列 然后被猴子处决这项任务将确定哪些具体的 空间到达的属性在神经元中被预处理和编码， 从记忆中检索到的信号中皮质水平的活动 或从头生成，以及运动序列是否表示在 神经信号的空间表示之间的转换 组件移动段，或者，作为复杂的矢量表示， 或者作为描述在所述第一和第二数据之间的关系的一般化规则， 第一和第二运动段。在第二个任务中，一个机器人手臂， 伺服电机在肩关节和肘关节是用来迅速改变 到达运动的机械环境，并相应地修改 产生不同伸展动作的感觉运动体验 手臂的起始和最终位置相同机器人手臂将 快速产生不熟悉的机械环境， 手臂和特定位置的“虚拟”物体之间的碰撞 沿着运动轨迹。这种设计将允许神经 空间运动行为的学习适应的相关性 研究并将确定这种活动是否局限于特定的 额叶皮质区，并评估视觉和 躯体感觉传入信息用于这种条件运动 学习任务。

The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate the neural mechanisms which underlie both the processing of cognitive information and the learning of motor adaptations associated with spatial-motor behavior. Neurophysiological recordings of the activity of single neurons will be undertaken to achieve this goal in monkeys trained to perform multi-joint, multidirectional reaching movements of the arm during the performance of instructed-delay tasks. Physiological, anatomical and behavioral studies have shown that the frontal lobe is an important structure for the generation of (a) reaching behavior in extrapersonal space, (b) proper movement sequencing, and (c) the utilization of requisite information from memory and sensory systems for guided movements. This is a behavioral neurophysiology study of four major divisions of the frontal lobe of primates: the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Two paradigms involving the serial presentation of spatial information are used to investigate the relationship between neuronal activity in each cortical motor area and the processing of requisite visual-spatial information for reaching. In one, either a previously learned or novel movement sequence is prepared and executed by a monkey. This task will determine which specific attributes of spatial reaching are preprocessed and encoded in neuronal activity at the cortical level in signals either retrieved from memory or generated de novo and whether movement sequences are represented in neural signals as transformations between spatial representations of component movement segments, or, as complex vectorial representations, or as a generalized rule which describes the relationship between the first and second movement segments. In the second task, a robot arm with servo motors at the shoulder and elbow joints is used to rapidly change the mechanical environment of reaching movements and accordingly modify the sensorimotor experience of producing different reaching movements with the same starting and final arm positions. The robot arm will rapidly produce unfamiliar mechanical environments and simulate collisions between the arm and "virtual" objects at specific locations along the movement trajectory. This design will allow the neural correlates of learned adaptations of spatial-motor behavior to be studied and will determine if this activity is localized to specific frontal cortical areas and evaluate the contribution of visual and somatosensory afferent information used in this conditional motor learning task.