DECIPHer: Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement

要制定有效的干预措施以改善人口健康，就需要了解哪些措施有效、对谁有效、在什么情况下有效以及为什么有效。这就需要制定在流行病学和社会科学方面知情的复杂和多因素干预措施，在各种环境和行为中都有效；对复杂干预措施进行严格评估，通常采用实用的对照试验设计和嵌套过程评估，包括新政策计划的自然实验，并使用常规数据来制定和确定干预措施，并为干预研究提供有关背景和长期结果的数据来源。发展和评估改善公共卫生的复杂干预措施中心（破译中心）汇集了一批世界一流的研究人员，他们在各种定量和定性评估方法和干预技术方面具有专业知识，以解决这些问题。在与公共卫生政策和实践方面的合作伙伴合作以及公众参与研究方面的良好记录的基础上，我们将制定、试验、评估并随后实施干预措施，这些干预措施可有效改善各种环境和行为中的人口健康，并解决健康不平等问题，特别注重儿童和青年。破译的目标是进行研究：1。将显著改善儿童和青少年的健康状况。确定在现实世界中易于采用、执行和维持并能有效改善健康和减少健康不平等的政策和干预措施。我们还将提供高质量的培训方案，以发展公共卫生研究人员的技能和职业，并成为政策和实践合作的协调中心。在第二个五年资助期内，破译中心的核心资源将集中于培养一批高质量的早期职业研究人员，他们将与一个由资深科学家组成的多学科团队一起推进四个研究项目：第一个项目将检查年轻人的多种风险行为及其前因，以开发复杂的干预措施，解决多种风险行为及其原因。第二个机构将制定和执行一项关于在学校和其他青年环境中促进健康的组织方法的研究方案。第三部分将侧重于进一步发展开发和评估复杂干预措施的方法，重点是应用随机试验和其他高质量研究设计来评估干预措施，从而产生对公共卫生决策者有用的严格证据。第四个方案也是方法学性质的，涉及最大限度地利用来自人口调查和其他行政来源的常规数据，以增进我们对人口健康决定因素的了解，并在不需要昂贵的新数据收集的情况下促进对干预措施的评价。这四个补充方案将为多个应用研究项目提供一个平台，这些项目将通过额外的竞争性赠款供资，在与儿童和青少年健康有关的三个广泛优先领域内和跨领域进行战略协调：烟草、酒精、毒品；肥胖，体育活动，饮食；心理健康和幸福。破译将从最广泛的意义上解决健康行为，包括个人风险和保护行为以及改善，维持或破坏健康和福祉的背景和结构。采用社会生态方法，重点将放在多种行为以及充分考虑到个人、社会、家庭、社区、组织和政策因素之间相互依存关系的干预措施的设计和评价上。

To develop effective interventions to improve population health requires an understanding of what works, for whom, under what circumstances and why? This necessitates the development of epidemiologically and social scientifically informed complex and multi-factorial interventions that are effective across settings and behaviours; the rigorous evaluation of complex interventions, often using pragmatic controlled trial designs with nested process evaluation and including natural experiments of new policy programmes and the use of routine data to develop and target interventions and to provide sources of data on contexts and long term outcomes for intervention studies. The centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer) brings together a team of world class researchers with expertise in a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods and intervention technologies to address these issues. Building on a strong track record in working with partners from public health policy and practice, and in public involvement in research, we will develop, test, evaluate and then implement interventions that are effective in improving the health of the population across settings and behaviours and which address health inequalities, with a particular focus on children and young people. DECIPHer's aims are to conduct research that:1. will lead to measurable improvements in the health of children and young people2. identifies policies and interventions that are readily adopted, implemented and maintained in the real world and are effective in improving health and reducing health inequalities.We will also provide high quality training programmes to develop the skills and careers of public health researchers, and a focal point for collaboration with policy and practice. For its second five-year period of funding, DECIPHer's core Centre resources will be focussed on developing a high quality cadre of early career researchers who, with a multidisciplinary team of senior scientists will take forward four research programmes:The first will examine multiple risk behaviours in young people and their antecedents to develop complex interventions which address multiple risk behaviours and their causes. The second will develop and conduct a programme of research on organisational approaches to promoting health in schools and other youth settings. The third will focus on further development of methods to develop and evaluate complex interventions, with an emphasis on applying randomised trials and other high quality research designs to evaluating interventions in a way that produces rigorous evidence that is useful to public health decision makers. The fourth programme is also methodological in nature, and is concerned with maximising the use of routine data from population surveys and other administrative sources to improve our understanding of the determinants of population health and facilitate the evaluation of interventions without the need for expensive collection of new data. These four complementary programmes will provide a platform for multiple applied research projects, funded through additional competitive grant funding, which will be strategically co-ordinated within and across three broad priority areas relating to the health of children and young people: Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs; Obesity, Physical activity, Diet; Mental health and wellbeing. DECIPHer will address health behaviour in its widest sense, encompassing individual risk and protective behaviour and the contexts and structures that improve, sustain or undermine health and well-being. Adopting a socio ecological approach, the focus will be on multiple behaviours and on the design and evaluation of interventions that take full account of the interdependencies between individual, social, family, community, organisational and policy factors.