INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT OF OCULAR MOTOR DISORDERS

这项拟议研究的目标是更多地了解人类 损害日常所需视力的眼球运动障碍 活动，并评估治疗措施。研究策略 是(1)将可靠的眼球运动测量与视觉联系起来 患者的投诉；(2)研究自然行为，如联合眼球- 头部跟踪；(3)使用正常和异常眼球运动的测量 测试基于已知生理学知识的数学模型 属性；(4)将发病机制的新知识应用于诊断和治疗 眼球运动障碍的治疗。 这项提案有五个目标，这些目标是从先前的工作中得出的。第一 项目是研究趋同对后天习得形式的影响 眼球震颤，因此决定了眼镜的潜在治疗作用- 棱镜。第二个项目是透皮的双盲试验。 东莨菪碱治疗获得性眼球震颤。一直以来 显示-静脉注射东莨菪碱抑制摆动和心跳- 眼球震颤，但这种药物在试验中使用方便和安全 这条路是需要的。第三个项目是调查 视觉反馈起始潜伏期的电子操纵 在正常受试者中保持顺畅的追踪眼球运动。这个 同样的技术将被用来研究获得性的 钟摆性眼震，这被归因于异常的延迟 视觉系统。第四个项目涉及联合动力系统的模型测试 眼睛-头部跟踪，使用将这种跟踪与高分辨率相结合的刺激 频率头振动。在日常活动中，受试者经常 当运动物体运动时，用眼睛和头部跟踪运动物体。 正常受试者和前庭或眼球追踪受损患者 功能将被研究。第五个项目是关于 头部旋转时的扭转凝视保持(神经积分功能) 在滚动中(前部平面)。扭转眼球运动有独特的 属性，这些属性可以与它们所服务的视觉需求相关。 在正常情况下，将测量动态和静态眼球反转 受试者和脑干疾病患者。 因此，这些项目将提供：(1)关于 获得性眼球震颤的发病机制和治疗 新的视觉刺激对这些振荡的影响；(2)新的见解 如何结合，眼头跟踪允许视觉的移动对象 当受试者(和视前庭疾病患者)在 运动；(3)在翻滚中头部旋转时凝视控制的量化， 正常受试者和眼球扭转障碍患者 动静。

The objectives of the proposed research are to learn more about human ocular motor disorders that impair the vision necessary for everyday activities, and to appraise therapeutic measures. The research strategy is to (1) relate reliable measurements of eye movements to visual complaints of patients; (2) study natural behaviors such as combined eye- head tracking; (3) use measurements of normal and abnormal eye movements to test mathematical models that are based on known physiological properties; (4) apply new knowledge of pathogenesis to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of ocular motility. This proposal has five aims that emerge from prior work. The first project is to study the effects of convergence upon acquired forms of nystagmus and so determine the potential therapeutic role of spectacle- prisms. The second project is a double-blind trial of transdermal scopolamine as treatment for acquired forms of nystagmus. It has been shown-that intravenous scopolamine suppresses pendular and downbeat- nystagmus, but a trial of this drug administered in a convenient and safe way is needed. The third project is an investigation of the effects of electronic manipulation of the latency of visual feedback on the onset and maintenance of smooth pursuit eye movements in normal subjects. The same technique will be used to study the oscillations of acquired pendular nystagmus, which have been attributed to abnormal delays in the visual system. The fourth project concerns tests of models for combined eye-head tracking, using stimuli that combine such tracking with high- frequency head vibrations. During everyday activities, subjects often track a moving object with eyes and heads while they are in motion. Normal subjects and patients with impaired vestibular or ocular pursuit function will be studied. The fifth project is an investigation of torsional gaze holding (neural integrator function) during head rotations in roll (the frontal plane). Torsional eye movements have unique properties that can be related to the visual demands that they serve. Dynamic and static ocular counterrolling will be measured in normal subjects and in patients with brain stem disease. Thus, these projects will provide: (1) new information on the pathogenesis and treatment of acquired forms of nystagmus, and the influence of novel visual stimuli on these oscillations; (2) new insights into how combined, eye-head tracking allows vision of a moving object while subjects (and patients with visuo-vestibular disease) are in motion; (3) quantification of gaze control during head rotations in roll, in normal subjects and patients with disturbances of torsional eye movements.