GESTURES AND CONSTELLATIONS AS PHONOLOGICAL UNITS

在这个项目中，我们关注的是 发音语音学家，代表在卡罗尔福勒的项目， 阅读的研究人员，代表了其他项目。 发音清晰的 音系学中，没有音系学层面的表征 语音手势和音节之间的联系 然而已经 在阅读的研究中，我假设存在一个心理上的真实的层面 手势和音节之间的语言结构， 字母正字法中字母代表结构的层次 （传统上是片段或音素）。 我们面对这个理论 在这个项目中概述的研究直接的差异。 在研究的第一线，我们试图区分一种观点， 字母书写系统的字母映射到语音的层面上， 与语音片段（辅音）大致对应的表示 和元音），因为这样的语音单位不存在。 在 特别是，我们关注的问题是， 基元参与比单个手势更大的星座， 小于音节。 其次，我们探讨口语的原始单位的范畴性质 语言，不管这些单位是个人的手势， 是对应辅音和元音的手势星座 片段 我们专注于听者/说话者对某些 辅音（或元音）的明显不同的产生，作为一个 常见的语音类别，我们解释的分类， 这表明这些范畴对于语言具有心理现实性 用户. 证据部分来自于对"手势漂移： 由双语人士制作。 在迄今为止的研究中，我们发现， 塞音的语音特点，无论是在母语和 在非母语环境中，语言趋向于 随着时间的推移，周围的语言。 漂移发生在两个停止 语言表明说话者/听者正在检测对应关系 在两种语言中的语音单位之间，因此， 两种语言的语音基元都是范畴。 提供 汇聚证据，我们探索同化的模式，以本地 音系范畴的音系范畴 此外，我们探索 辅音或元音的一个共同的语音类别的同化， 一种语言的不同方言，它们在不同的语言中是明显不同的。 说不同方言的人。 在最后一节中，我们问辅音和元音的音韵学 范畴是在性质上不同的范畴，如 发音音系学（和自动音段音系学），以及 这是由两种手势的偏侧化证据提出的，或者是由 元音-辅音感知差异的研究结果。 这些发现将 与元音和辅音识别实验有直接关系 我们在其他项目中提出的阅读。

In this project we focus on a difference in perspective between articulatory phonologists, represented in Carol Fowler's project and researchers of reading, represented the other projects. In articulatory phonology, there is no phonological level of representation intermediate between the phonetic gesture and the syllable. However, it has been assumed in research on reading that there is a psychologically real level of linguistic structure between the gesture and the syllable, and that letters of an alphabetic orthography represent that level of structure (traditionally athe segment or phoneme). We confront this theoretical difference directly in research outlined in this project. In the first line of research, we attempt to distinguish a view that letters of an alphabetic writing system map onto a level of phonological representation roughly corresponding to phonological segments (consonants and vowels) from a view that such phonological units do not exist. In particular, we focus on the question whether phonological gestural primitives participate in constellations larger that the single gesture but smaller than the syllable. Next, e explore the categorical nature of primitive units of the spoken language regardless of whether the units are individual gestures or, rather are gestural constellations corresponding to consonantal and vocalic segments. We focus on listener/talkers' classifications of certain perceptibly distinct productions of consonants (or vowels) as members of a common phonological category, and we interpret the classifications as indications that those categories have psychological reality for language users. Evidence comes in part from examinations of "gestural drift: in productions by bilingual speakers. In research to date we have found that phonetic characteristics of stop consonants both in a native language and in an ambient, nonnative, language drift toward that of stop consonants of the ambient language over time. That the drift occurs in stops of both languages suggests that speaker/listeners are detecting correspondences between phonological units in the two languages, and therefore, that the phonological primitives of both languages are categories. To provide converging evidence, we explore patterns of assimilation to native phonological categories of phonological category. In addition, we explore assimulations to a common phonological category of consonants or vowels of different dialects of a language that are perceptibly distinct among speakers of different dialects. In a final section, we ask whether consonantal and vocalic phonological categories are qualitatively distinct kinds of categories, as posited in articulatory phonology(and autosegmental phonologies), and as also suggested by evidence on lateralization of the two kinds of gesture, or by findings of vowel-consonant differences in perception. These findings will have direct relevance to experiments on vowel and consonant identification in reading that we propose in the other projects.