Investigating five large population-based cohort studies to understand for the precursors of multimorbidity risk.

多发病是指不同的疾病同时存在于一个人身上。例如，我们知道，几乎一半的精神健康障碍患者也有长期的身体健康问题，三分之一的身体健康问题患者患有精神疾病。生活往往是更困难的人与身体和精神疾病。他们可能很难得到最好的护理，并有可能活得更短。我们不太了解为什么会发生多死亡。为了充分理解为什么随着时间的推移，身体和精神健康会发生变化，我们需要对那些健康状况随时间变化的人进行大量研究。对儿童的研究非常重要，因为它们可以告诉我们在以后的生活中发生多Mortocell的早期风险。这对于制定预防高危儿童患多种疾病的最佳计划非常重要。为了真正了解多种疾病的发展过程，研究需要了解许多可能影响健康的重要行为和事件的信息。例如，我们需要了解某人的生活环境（例如，低收入），生活方式（例如，缺乏锻炼）或生活事件（例如，紧张的经历）。我们知道基因会增加身体和精神疾病的风险。我们还知道，社会中的一些群体面临更大的多重死亡风险，例如亚洲人和少数民族群体以及生活在贫困中的人。我们目前还不明白为什么会这样，在这项研究中，我们的目标是通过研究有遗传风险的儿童的身体和精神疾病的发展来获得答案。为了了解不同种族和社会经济背景的人在多发病方面的差异，我们需要对所有这些群体进行充分代表性的研究。如果我们更好地了解多发病在社会不同群体（有遗传风险的人，来自不同种族和社会经济背景的人）中的发展情况，这将有助于医生为患者提供与他们特定需求相匹配的护理。它还将帮助医生、学校和其他人以最适合他们背景的方式预防高危儿童的多重死亡。最后，为了进行这些研究，需要一个具有一系列专业知识的研究人员团队，他们共同了解身体和精神疾病的范围，以及基因、生活环境、生活方式和生活事件如何随着时间的推移影响这些疾病。我们是一个在身体和精神疾病方面拥有广泛医疗和研究专业知识的团队。我们汇集了五项非常大型的研究，其中近70万人的健康状况一直受到关注。可获得丰富的医疗数据，包括医疗记录。此外，亦搜集了其他重要的资料，例如这些人士的居住环境、生活方式及生活事件等。在这些研究中，遗传信息也可用于所有人。这些研究跟踪了成年人和儿童的健康状况。因此，我们可以研究身体和精神疾病如何在成年期同时发生。重要的是，我们还可以研究儿童多发性骨髓瘤发展的早期阶段。由于我们的儿童和成人样本在种族和社会经济背景上不同，我们还可以研究社会中不同群体的多Mortality发展是否不同。最后，因为我们有遗传数据，我们可以研究基因如何影响高危人群的多发病发展。我们的研究将帮助我们了解多发病是如何发展的，以及哪些行为和事件会影响多发病。我们所了解的将是重要的，以防止儿童的多重死亡的风险，因为遗传，种族或经济原因。我们将为社会中的特定群体创建健康信息，这可以减少未来风险群体中的多重死亡。

Multimorbidity refers to different diseases being present at the same time in a person. For example, we know that almost half of people with a mental health disorder also have a long-term physical health problem and a third of people with a physical health problem have a psychiatric disorder. Life is often more difficult for people with both physical and psychiatric disorders. They can struggle to get the best possible care and are at risk of living less long. We don't know enough about why multimorbidity happens. To fully understand why changes in physical and mental health happen over time we need large studies of people whose health has been followed over time. Studies of children are very important because they can tell us about early risks for development of multimorbidity later in life. This is important for creating the best plans to prevent at-risk children developing multimorbidity.To really understand how multimorbidity develops, studies need to have information about the many important behaviours and events that can influence health. For example, we need to know about someone's living environment (e.g., low income), lifestyle (e.g., lack of exercise) or life events (e.g., stressful experiences). We know that genes can increase risk of physical and psychiatric disorder. We also know that some groups in society are at greater risk of multimorbidity, such as people of Asian and Minority Ethnic groups and people who live in poverty. We don't currently understand why this is and in this study we aim to get answers by studying the development of physical and psychiatric disorders in children at genetic risk. To understand differences in multimorbidity development in people from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds, we need studies in which all these groups are well represented.If we understand better how multimorbidity develops in different groups in society (people at genetic risk, those from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds) this will help doctors give patients care that is matched to their specific needs. It will also help doctors, schools and others prevent multimorbidity in at-risk children in ways that suit their backgrounds best. Finally, to conduct these studies, a team of researchers with a range of expertise is needed, who together understand the range of physical and psychiatric disorders, as well as how genes, the living environment, life style and life events influence these disorders over time. We are a team with wide-ranging medical and research expertise in physical and psychiatric disorders. We have brought together five very large studies in which the health of close to 700,000 people has been followed over time. Rich medical data is available, including from medical records. Other important information has also been collected such as on the living environment, lifestyle and life events of these people. Genetic information is also available for all people in these studies. These studies follow the health over time of both adults and children. We can therefore study how physical and psychiatric disorders happen together in adulthood. Importantly we can then also study the early stages of the development of multimorbidity in children. Because our child and adult samples differ in ethnic and socio-economic background, we can also study if the development of multimorbidity differs for different groups in society. Finally, because we have genetic data we can study how genes influence multimorbidity development in people at risk.Our study will help us understand how multimorbidity develops and which behaviours and events influence this. What we learn will be important for the prevention of multimorbidity in children who are at risk because of genetic, ethnic or economic reasons. We will create health messages for specific groups in society and this can reduce multimorbidity in at risk groups in the future.