NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF STIMULUS RECOGNITION AND ASSOCIATION MEMORY

记忆丧失通常伴随着前交通动脉的中风 动脉，大脑的病毒感染，正常衰老，是一个中心 某些疾病的特征，如阿尔茨海默氏症和艾滋病痴呆症 也很复杂。 要了解存储的机制， 大脑中的信息，我们已经研究了选择性的影响， 大脑消融和切断对不同类型记忆的影响， 猕猴 猴子的刺激记忆的储存是 这在很大程度上是由位于大脑皮层底部的一条皮层实现的。 内侧颞叶 这个区域由内嗅皮层组成 和嗅周皮质，这里简称为“鼻皮质”。 鼻 皮层似乎对于准确的刺激识别是至关重要的， 刺激识别和刺激-刺激关联。 此夕h 鼻腔皮层接收来自所有特定模态的 新皮层区域，经过一系列皮层处理后， 场，并介导刺激识别，至少在视觉和 躯体感觉形态（以及可能的其他感觉形态， well）。 鼻腔皮层似乎是 刺激-刺激联想记忆 (i.e.通道内关联）和跨感觉通道（即， crossmodal associations）。 此外，鼻皮质可以介导这些 内侧颞叶缺失时的信息存储类型 大脑边缘结构杏仁核和海马体 拟将 鼻腔皮层是记忆系统的核心 存储有关对象的知识，这个系统类似于一个 语义记忆系统。 刺激记忆可以与 情感状态和奖励通过连接的鼻腔皮层 与杏仁核有关 刺激记忆可以与地点联系起来， 运动通过鼻皮质与海马的连接起作用 阵

Memory loss typically accompanies strokes of the anterior communicating artery, viral infections of the brain, normal aging, and is a central feature of certain diseases such as Alzheimer's and AIDs dementia complex as well. To understand the mechanisms underlying storage of information in the brain we have examined the effects of selective cerebral ablations and disconnections on different types of memory in macaque monkeys. The storage of stimulus memories in monkeys is achieved in large part by a strip of cortex lying at the base of the medial temporal lobe. This region is comprised of the entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex, abbreviated here as "rhinal cortex". The rhinal cortex appears to be critical for accurate stimulus identification, stimulus recognition, and stimulus-stimulus association. Further, the rhinal cortex receives information from all the modality-specific neocortical regions, after processing through a series of cortical fields, and mediates stimulus recognition in at least the visual and somatic sensory modalities (and perhaps other sensory modalities as well). The rhinal cortex appears to be responsible for stimulus-stimulus associative memory both within sensory modalities (i.e. intramodal associations) and across sensory modalities (i.e. crossmodal associations). Moreover, the rhinal cortex can mediate these types of information storage in the absence of the medial temporal lobe limbic structures, the amygdala and hippocampus. It is proposed that the rhinal cortex is the kernel of a memory system specialized for storing knowledge about objects, and that this system is analogous to a semantic memory system in humans. Stimulus memories can be linked to affective states and reward through connections of the rhinal cortex with the amygdala. Stimulus memories can be linked with locations and motor acts through connections of the rhinal cortex with the hippocampal formation.