CV RISK REDUCTION IN MINORITY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

在美国，心血管疾病是导致死亡的主要原因，其根源在于儿童时期形成的导致心血管疾病风险增加的行为。健康起步试验（1995-1998年减少少数民族学龄前儿童心血管风险）正在测试营养干预措施（食品服务改变和学前营养课程）对在纽约州北部的学前儿童（3-5岁）的血液胆固醇和饮食的有效性。初步结果表明，结果是有利的，对血液胆固醇、饮食和菜单内容（总脂肪和饱和脂肪的能量百分比）有显著影响。续文建议将健康起始队列的测量延长至8岁。该研究将检验以下假设：a)长期干预效果（血液胆固醇、膳食总脂肪和饱和脂肪、营养知识）；B)追踪3 - 8岁的血脂、血压、肥胖和生长速度；C)学龄前吸烟意向、父母吸烟和小学早期实验；d)长期维持参与学前教育中心的营养干预活动。研究队列包括1786名儿童，他们完成了一到两年的学前干预。这个群体是低收入群体，黑人占42%，西班牙裔占31%，白人占23%，其他族裔占4%。在继续期间将采用统一的测量方法，以确保与学龄前期间数据收集的可比性。这些措施包括：a)血脂；B)血压和静息心率；C)身高和体重；D)肱三头肌、肩胛下和髌上皮褶测量；E)腰臀围；F)健康与营养知识、态度和自述行为问卷（包括吸烟）；g) 24小时饮食回忆；h)心血管疾病家族史。

Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, has roots in childhood with the establishment of behaviors which lead to increased CVD risk. The Healthy Start Trial (Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Minority Preschool Children, 1995-1998) is testing the effectiveness of nutrition interventions (food service change and a preschool nutrition curriculum) on blood cholesterol and diet among preschool children (age 3-5 years) attending Head Start Centers in upstate New York. Preliminary results indicate that the results are favorable, with significant effects on blood cholesterol, diet and menu content (percent energy from total and saturated fat). The continuation proposes to extend measurement of the Healthy Start Cohort through 8 years of age. The study will examine hypotheses related to a) long term intervention effects (blood cholesterol, dietary total and saturated fat, nutrition knowledge); b) tracking of lipids, blood pressure, obesity, and growth velocity from age 3 to 8; c) preschool intentions to smoke cigarettes, parental smoking, and early experimentation in elementary school; and d) long term maintenance of nutrition intervention activities in participating Head Start Centers. The study cohort consists of 1786 children who completed one or two full years of preschool intervention. The cohort is low income, 42 percent Black, 31 percent Hispanic, 23 percent White, 4 percent other. Uniform measurement methods will be employed during the continuation to assure comparability with data collection during the preschool period. These measures will include: a) blood lipids; b) blood pressure and resting heart rate; c) height and weight; d) triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold measurements; e) waist and hip circumference; f) health and nutrition knowledge, attitude and self-reported behavior questionnaire (including smoking); g) 24-hour dietary recall, h) family history of CVD.