SPATIAL ORIENTATION OF MARINE MOLLUSK CLIONE LIMACINA

拟议工作的总体目标是利用Clione作为一个模型 研究动物行为的神经基础的学科。具体 目的是研究空间定向的神经机制， 由平衡囊受体的活性决定。该提案旨在 继续进行正在进行的关于负责变革的中央机制的工作 在不同的行为背景下， 其中之一涉及触发正常反应的逆转， 其中两个被认为暂时降低了 在食物获取和被动回避期间的平衡囊输入 行为 已经鉴定了平衡囊细胞，并且它们在不同的时间段内的活性 倾斜度已经用一个非常聪明的记录系统记录下来了。 此外，接受平衡囊输入的中枢神经元， 提供能够改变游泳活动的输出， found. 失踪的拼图是一个完整的身份证明， 彻底描述产生尾部弯曲的尾部运动神经元， 从而改变游泳的方向。 这代表了第一个目标 对尾部运动神经元的详细描述。 一旦 确定，研究人员建议描述细胞和 调节游泳和弯曲尾巴的突触机制 在不同的行为过程中。 他们选择了三种行为 这是可以很容易地通过实验来模拟的。 一个逆转， 从积极的趋地性到消极的趋地性， 记录系统中的温度。 明显抑制 平衡囊在摄食行为中的输入将通过简单的 启动进食活动--参与进食的回路 调查人员所知。 最后，触发被动的刺激 回避行为可以在减少准备的情况下进行， 描述转向活动中与行为相关的变化 系统 总的来说，研究人员建议描述行为 网络空间定向系统的可塑性 行为相关背景下的调制。

The overall object of the proposed work is to utilize Clione as a model subject for studying the neural basis of animal behavior. The specific aim is to study neural mechanisms of spatial orientation as determined by the activity of statocyst receptors. The proposal is designed to continue ongoing work on the central mechanisms responsible for changes in statocyst information processing in different behavioral contexts, one of which involves triggering a reversal in the normal response, and two of which are believed to temporarily decrease the significance of statocyst inputs during food acquisition and during passive avoidance behavior. Statocyst cells have been identified, and their activity during varying degrees of tilt has been documented with a very clever recording system. Furthermore, central neurons which receive statocyst input, and which provide output that is capable of modifying swimming activity, have been found. The missing puzzle piece is a complete identification and thorough description of tail motoneurons which produce tail bending and thus alter the direction of swimming. This represents the first goal of the project - a thorough description of tail motoneurons. Once identified, the investigators propose to describe the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of modification of swimming and tail bending activities during different behaviors. They have chosen three behavior contexts which can be easily simulated experimentally. A reversal from positive to negative geotaxis can be triggered by simply changing temperature in the recording system. The apparent inhibition of statocyst inputs during feeding behavior will be studying by simply initiating feeding activity - the circuits involved in feeding are well known to the investigators. Finally, stimuli that trigger passive avoidance behavior can be delivered in a reduced preparation, to describe behaviorally relevant changes in activity in the steering system. Overall, the investigators propose to describe behavioral plasticity in the spatial orientation system following network modulation in behaviorally relevant contexts.