SUBSTANCE USE AMONG CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLICS

拟议的项目研究了物质使用研究中的一个核心重要问题--即风险如何在多代人之间传递？首先，我们跟踪观察酗酒儿童(COA)和对照组，直到成年，以检查持续和发育受限的药物使用/滥用的风险，并确定潜在的调节机制。其次，我们使用多种方法的实验室研究来检验下一代新出现的风险，这些研究是关于反应性和调节作为受试者年幼子女家族性酒精中毒风险的中介的。我们考察了风险和风险中介的共同传递，并考察了父母教养在调节和修正这种风险中的作用。为了实现这些目标，我们建议对我们的样本(年龄在23-30岁)进行跟踪调查，并对他们年幼的孩子进行实验室研究。样本来自社区，包括酗酒的母亲和父亲，以及“活跃”和“缓解”的酗酒者。父母酗酒和其他障碍被直接确定，多个报告数据将反应偏差的影响降至最低。从青春期(男性=12.7岁)开始，受试者和他们的父母每年接受3次计算机辅助访谈。第四次评估(现在包括完整的亲生兄弟姐妹和同辈告密者)发生在从青春期后期到成年(18-25岁)的过渡期间。在拟议的跟进中，将对成年受试者进行计算机辅助面谈和心理生理学评估。举报人的数据将在邮寄调查中收集。我们将用多种方法对受试者的幼儿进行评估，包括心理生理反应、面部表情、行为观察、关于反应和调节的多个告密者报告，以及后来滥用药物的风险标记(行为问题、社交能力、自我韧性和学业成就)。数据分析策略包括多层建模，用于模拟随时间在家庭内聚集的观测。这些发现将对预防特别有用，因为它们关注的是高危人群，它们追踪物质使用的自然历史，从其前体到临床重要的终点，它们包括潜在的可改变因素，它们检查风险在三代人之间的传播。

The proposed project studies a centrally important question in substance use research-namely, how is risk transmitted across multiple generations? First, we follow children of alcoholics (COAs) and controls into adulthood to examine risk for persistent and developmentally limited substance use/abuse, and to identify mediating mechanisms underlying this risk. Second, we examine emerging risk in the next generation using a multi-method laboratory study of reactivity and regulation as mediators of familial alcoholism risk in the young children of our subjects. We examine co-transmission of risk and risk mediators, and we examine the role of parenting in mediating and modifying this risk. To achieve these aims, we propose a follow-up of our sample (at ages 23-30) and a laboratory study of their young children. The sample is drawn from the community, and includes alcoholic mothers and fathers, and both active" and "remitted" alcoholics. Parent alcoholism and other disorders were directly ascertained, and multiple reporter data minimize the impact of response biases. Beginning in adolescence (M=12.7 years), subjects and their parents received 3 annual computer-assisted interviews. A 4th assessment (now including full biological siblings and peer informants) occurred during the transition from late adolescence to adulthood (ages 18-25). At the proposed follow-up, computer-assisted interviews and psychophysiological assessments will be conducted with the adult subjects. Informant data will be collected in mailed surveys. The young children of our subjects will be assessed with multiple methods, including psychophysiological responses, facial expression, behavioral observation, and multiple informant reports of reactivity and regulation, as well as markers of risk for later substance abuse (conduct problems, social competence, ego-resilience and academic achievement). Data analytic strategies include multilevel modeling for modeling observations clustered within families over time. The findings will be particularly useful for prevention because they focus on a high risk group, they track the natural history of substance use from its precursors to clinically important end points, they include potentially modifiable factors, and they examine the transmission of risk across three generations.